Gwaro Rakazara reSPD rePV Systems uye Kudzivirirwa Kwekukwira Kwezuva
Ndinowanzo shushikana pandinoona mapurojekiti ezuva achikanganiswa nekukwira kwemvura kamwe kamwe, saka ndinovimba ne Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Kukwira kuchengetedza hurongwa hwese hwakagadzikana.
A Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Kukwira Inodzivirira masisitimu ePV nekutsausa ma "voltage spikes" ane njodzi kubva kumapaneru, ma inverter, uye ma "electrical circuits". Inoderedza nguva yekushanda, inodzivirira kutadza kwemidziyo, uye inovimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwenguva refu kune ese ari maviri AC neDC mativi ekuisa solar.
Mugwaro rino, ndichakuratidzai zvese zvinodiwa pakudzivirira kukwira kwemvura kubva muzuva kuitira kuti mugone kuita sarudzo dzehunyanzvi dzine chivimbo kune chero chirongwa chePV.
Chii chinonzi SPD uye Nei Solar PV Systems Ichichida?
Ndaimboona masisitimu ePV achikundikana nekuda kwe overvoltage isingatarisirwi, saka ikozvino handimbogadziri purojekiti isina kodzero Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Kukwira panzvimbo.
Solar SPD inodzivirira masisitimu ePV nekudzora kana kutsausa mheni, kuchinja transients, uye kukanganiswa kwemagetsi zvisati zvasvika kuzvinhu zvinonzwa. Inobatsira kudzivirira kukuvara kwe inverter, inoderedza mari yekugadzirisa, uye inoita kuti sisitimu ishande zvakanaka.
Kuisa maPV ezuva kunoshanda panze, saka vanosangana nenjodzi dzemagetsi dzinogara dzichiitika kubva kumhanje, zvikanganiso zvegrid, uye zviitiko zvekuchinja. Nekuti mapaneru nema inverters akavakirwa pa semiconductor, anonyanya kunzwa kunyange overvoltage diki. Mubasa rangu nemafekitori akasiyana nemakambani eEPC, ndakaona kuti kutadza kwekutanga kunowanzobva pakusangana ne surge pane kuora kwenguva dzose. Ndosaka ndichibata kudzivirira surge sechinodiwa chikuru chekugadzira, kwete chimwe chinhu chingasarudzwa.
Tsanangudzo yeSPD muMagetsi neMasora
SPD chishandiso chinodzosera simba remagetsi rinoita kuti magetsi apfuure nekukurumidza (transient overvoltage) kugrounding system. MumaPV system, chinodzivirira DC strings, inverters, combiner boxes, AC distribution, uye communication lines.
Zvikonzero Zvinowanzoita Kuti Pave Nekukwira KwemaPV
Masisitimu ePV anotarisana nekuwedzera kubva:
• mheni (yakananga kana kuti yakakonzereswa)
• mashandiro ekuchinja
• kukanganiswa kwegridi yemagetsi
• kumhanya kwenguva refu kwetambo kunowedzera voltages dzinopfuura
Nei Kudzivirirwa Kwekukwira Kwakakosha Kune Solar Panels uye Inverters
Mapaneru nema inverter zvinokuvadzwa zviri nyore ne transient spikes. Pandinoshanyira mafekitori, ma inverter mazhinji akakuvara anoratidza zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekukwira kwemagetsi padanho rekupinda. SPD dzakakodzera dzinoderedza njodzi iyi zvakanyanya.
Mashandiro anoita tekinoroji yeMOV mukati memidziyo yekudzivirira surge
Ndinoyeuka kekutanga pandakavhura SPD yakakundikana; MOV block yakataura nyaya yese yekuti system yakatarisana sei nekuwedzera kukuru.
Tekinoroji yeMOV inobvumira Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Kukwira Kuvhara voltage yakakwira nekuchinja kubva pakusimba kwakanyanya kuenda pakusimba kwakaderera mukati memasekonzi madiki. Inotora simba rakawandisa uye inoritumira pasi zvakachengeteka michina isati yakuvadzwa.
MOV ndiyo moyo wemagadzirirwo mazhinji eSPD emaindasitiri. Ndinowanzo tsanangurira mapoka ekutenga kuti mhando yeMOV ndiyo inosarudza kugadzikana kwenguva refu. MOV isina kusimba inoreva kuora kwekutanga uye mazinga ekudzivirira asingatarisirwi. Ndosaka mafekitori anoda kuvimbika dziviriro yekuwedzera kwemvura mumafekitori Gara uchiyedza maitiro eMOV pasi pemaitiro ekushushikana anodzokororwa usati wabvumidza mutengesi.
Chii chinonzi MOV uye Mashandiro Ainoita
MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) inoita se resistor inoenderana ne voltage. Kana voltage iri yakajairika, inovhara current. Kana voltage yakwira pamusoro pe threshold yayo, inobva yaita kuti power iende pasi ipapo ipapo.
Maitiro eMOV Munguva yeVoltage Spikes
Pakukwira kwesimba, MOV resistance inodonha zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti pave nenzira yakachengeteka ye surge current. Mushure mekusunga, inodzokera pa high resistance.
Maitiro Ekukundikana kweMOV uye Kufunga Nezvekuchengetedza
Maitiro akajairika ekutadza kweMOV anosanganisira kupisa zvakanyanya, kupera simba, uye kupisa kunobva mukupisa. Ndosaka ndichikurudzira nguva dzose mamodule ekudzikisa kupisa ePV SPDs.
Mhando dzeZvishandiso zveKudzivirira Kushandiswa muSolar Systems
Mushure memakore akawanda ndichibata ongororo dzemafekitori nemapurojekiti ezuva, ndakadzidza kuti kusarudza mhando chaiyo yeSPD kunosarudza kana sisitimu yePV ichirarama munguva yemheni.
Rudzi 1, Rudzi rwechipiri, uye Type 3 SPDs dzinopa dziviriro yakasiyana kubva kumheni uye switching surges. Type 1 inobata mheni zvakananga, Type 2 inodzora overvoltage, uye Type 3 inodzivirira end-devices uye sensitive electronics.
Mapoka mazhinji ekutenga anotarisa pamusiyano wemitengo pakati pemhando dzeSPD, asi ini ndinogara ndichitsanangura kuti mhando yega yega ine basa rakasiyana. Sisitimu yacho inoshanda zvakanyanya kana yakabatana secheni yekudzivirira yakazara. Makambani ezuva EPC asingashandise mhando imwe anowanzo sangana nekukundikana kweinverter kakawanda panguva yemadutu. Pasi apa pane kuenzanisa kupfupi:
Tafura 1 - Mhando dzeSPD neMabasa Adzo
| Rudzi rweSPD | Dziviriro Huru | Nzvimbo Yakajairika | Nhamba yeKukwira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rudzi 1 | Mheni yemagetsi | Panera huru yeAC | Yakakwirira Zvikuru |
| Rudzi rwechipiri | Kuwedzeredza simba remagetsi | Inverter DC/AC inopinzwa | Pakati nepakati |
| Rudzi rwechitatu | Zvishandiso zvemagetsi | Mapaneru ekudzora | Zvakaderera |
Type 1 SPD yekudzivirira mheni
Inoshandiswa pamasuo ebasa kuburitsa mheni huru.
Tora 2 SPD yeKudzivirirwa Kwemhepo Yakawandisa
Yakaiswa pedyo nema inverters kudzivirira kubva pakuchinja uye kukwira kwesimba.
Tora 3 SPD yeChidziviriro Chekushandisa Chinogumira
Inoshandiswa mukati mematunhu anotonga anonzwa.
Kusarudza SPD Yakakodzera yePV Applications
Ndinogara ndichienzanisa mhando yeSPD nehukuru hwemheni, voltage yekuisa, kugadzikana kwemidziyo, uye mamiriro epasi.
Gwaro rekuisa SPD rePV Panels nemaInverters
Ndakaona mapurojekiti mazhinji achikundikana nekuti SPD yakaiswa panzvimbo isiriyo, kunyangwe mudziyo wacho pachawo waive wemhando yepamusoro.
MaSPD anofanira kuiswa pedyo nemidziyo yakachengetedzwa, netambo pfupi, polarity chaiyo, grounding yakakodzera, uye mhando yeSPD yakakodzera kumativi ese eAC neDC ePV system.
Kuisa zvakanaka kunokosha kupfuura brand. Kunyangwe SPD yeindasitiri yepamusoro inoshaya basa kana tambo yacho ikareba. Ndinowanzo ratidza mainjiniya kuti tambo yekuwedzera ye20-cm inogona sei kuwedzera voltage yasara kaviri, iyo inogona kuparadza bhodhi rekuisa inverter.
Kwaungaisa SPD muPV System
SPDs dzinofanira kuiswa pa Mabhokisi ekubatanidza eDC, inverter DC inputs, inverter AC outputs, uye main AC distribution.
Matanho Ekuisa DC Side SPD
• batanidza kune yega yega tambo inopinzwa
• chengetedza kuti polarity inoenderana
• chengeta kureba kwetambo pasi pe 0.5 m
Matanho Ekuisa SPD yeAC Side
• isa pedyo nemagetsi anoburitsa ma inverter
• batanidza pasi pePE
• tevedzera mitemo yekubatanidza waya yeTN/TT system
Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika Zvekuisa Zvekudzivirira
Zvikanganiso zvikuru zvinosanganisira ma lead marefu, grounding isipo, SPD type isiriyo, uye voltage rating isiriyo.
Zvinodiwa zveDC neAC zveKudzivirira Kukwira kweMasora
Ndinowanzo tarisa ma PV sites uko SPD rating isingaenderane ne open-circuit voltage ye array, izvo zvinogadzira njodzi yakavanzwa kune system yese.
MaPV SPD anofanirwa kuenderana neDC voltage rating, AC grid rating, grounding system, coordination rules, uye installation category kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwakasimba muPV system yese.
Pazasi pane tafura yekufananidza mazinga ayo zvikwata zvakawanda zvekutenga zvinowana zvichibatsira:
Tafura 2 - Zvinodiwa zveSPD Rating pakuisa maPV
| Paramita | Rutivi rweDC | Rutivi rweAC |
|---|---|---|
| Kuyera Voltage | Izwi × 1.2 | 230/400V zvakajairika |
| Chiyero Chazvino | 20–40kA | 20–65kA |
| Rudzi | Rudzi rwechipiri | Rudzi 1/2 |
Voltage uye Current Ratings yePV SPD
Gara uchienzanisa SPD's Ucpv neVoc yepamusoro ye array kana tembiricha dzichitonhora.
Zvinodiwa pakugadzira ivhu nepasi
Kuisa pasi zvakanaka kunoderedza simba remvura zvakanyanya. Ndinogara ndichitarisa kuti mvura haipindi pasi here ndisati ndaisa SPD.
Kurongeka kweSPD Pakati peAC neDC Sides
Shandisa Type 1 pa AC panel huru neType 2 pedyo ne inverter kuti ushande zvakanaka.
SPD vs Surge Arrester: Misiyano Yakakosha yeKudzivirirwa kwePV
Vatengi vazhinji vanondibvunza kana vachifanira kushandisa SPD kana kuti surge arrester, uye mhinduro yangu inogara iri yekuti: vanoita mabasa akasiyana.
Chinodzivirira kukwira kwemhepo chinobata zviitiko zvikuru zvemheni dzekunze, nepo SPD ichidzivirira michina kubva pamagetsi ekunze neemukati. Masisitimu mazhinji ePV anobatsirwa nekushandisa ese ari maviri.
Tafura 3 - SPD vs Surge Arrester
| Chinhu | SPD | Kubata Kukwira |
|---|---|---|
| Dziviriro | Kukwira kwemukati + kwekunze | Kunyanya mheni |
| Kumhanya | Kurumidza | Zvishoma nezvishoma |
| Kushandiswa kwePV | MaInverters, DC tambo | Mukova webasa |
Mashandiro Anoita Surge Arresters vs SPDs
Zvinodzivirira kukwira kwemhepo zvinoburitsa simba guru remheni asi zvinopindura zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura maSPD.
Ndeipi Iri Nani Pakudzivirira Mheni yePV
MaSPD anodzivirira zviri nani magetsi anonzwa, ukuwo zvibatiso zvichidzivirira chivako.
Nguva Yekushandisa Zvese Pakuisa Solar
Ndinogara ndichishandisa zvese zviri zviviri kumapurojekiti makuru kana ane njodzi huru.
Mhedziso
Shandisa chigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Kukwira kuchengetedza masisitimu ese ezuva ePV akachengeteka, akagadzikana, uye akagadzirira kushanda kwenguva refu.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezve SPD, MOV, uye Kudzivirirwa Kwemheni Kwezuva
Ndingashandisa maSPD maviri here muzvikamu zvakasiyana?
Ehe, chero bedzi mitemo yekubatana ichiteverwa.
MaSolar Panels Anoda AC kana DC SPD Here?
Mativi ese ari maviri eAC neDC anoda dziviriro.
SPD Inogara Kwenguva Yakadini?
Kazhinji makore mashanu kusvika gumi zvichienderana nekuwanda kwemvura.
Chii Chinoitika Kana SPD Yakundikana?
Inodzima mukati kudzivirira njodzi yemoto.