Nzira yekusiyanisa sei pakati peSurge Protective Device (SPD) nemheni inomisa?

Ndakambokangwa bhodhi reCNC remadhora zviuru makumi maviri ($20,000) nekuti ndakasanganisa mabhokisi maviri ari pabhodhi.

Ndinoudza vatengi kuti: SPD muchengeti wemukati mepaneru anomisa kukwira kwemhepo kupfupi, kwakapinza; mudziviriri wemheni muchengeti ari padenga anotsausa bhaudhi hombe pasi. Vakafanana, asi vanochengetedza chikwama chako nenzira dzakasiyana zvachose.

Ramba uchiverenga uye ndichakuratidza mazita chaiwo, nhamba dzebvunzo, uye misiyano yemitengo yandinotarisa pandinopinda mufekitori kuitira kuti usazozvivhiringidza zvakare.

Chii chinonzi Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Kukwira (SPD)?

Gore rakapera ndakachinjana "surge box" isiriyo mufekitori yepurasitiki yeFlorida ndikavavhara kwemashifiti maviri.

Ini ndinodaidza SPD kuti switch inokurumidza inodzikisa 6 kV kusvika 600 V mumasekonzi mashoma saka madhiraivha, maPLC, nemwenje zvinorarama nekuchinja kwesimba remagetsi kunoitika zuva nezuva.

Mukati mebhokisi resimbi

SPD ine zvikamu zvitatu chete: metal-oxide varistors (MOV), gas discharge tube, uye thermal disconnect. MOV inoshanda se automatic valve. Kana mutsetse ukasvetuka pamusoro pe clamping voltage, MOV resistance inodonha kubva pa mega-ohms kuenda ku ohms uye extra current inotumirwa ku neutral wire. Gas tube inobata mazana mashoma ekutanga e nanoseconds kuitira kuti MOV isanyunguduke. Kana spike yakareba zvekuti zvikamu zvacho zvinopisa zvakanyanya, thermal fuse inovhurwa uye hwindo diki dzvuku rinoshanduka kuita dema. Izvi zvinoudza vanogadzirisa kuti vabvise cartridge itsva vovhara gonhi. Hapana basa redenga, hapana crane, hapana magetsi ari mu harness.

Nhamba dzandinonyora pamashoko andinotora

Ndinotumira mutengi wese tafura yemutsetse mumwe chete kuitira kuti mainjiniya wefekitori agone kutarisa mufananidzo wepaneru mumasekonzi mashanu:

Ngano dzakajairika dzandinouraya pakufona kwega kwega

"SPD ichandiponesa kubva kumheni." Kwete. Ichakununura kubva kuzvinhu zvasara zvinopinda mushure mekunge arrestor ari padanda aita basa guru. Kana uchitarisira kuti SPD iite 100 kA direct strike, MOV disks ichatsemuka uye plastic case ichanyunguduka. Ndinogara ndichitengesa pair yacho: arrestor iri kunze, SPD iri mukati.

Chii chinonzi Lightning Arrester?

Ndakamira padenga reimba yekuchengetera zvinhu muTexas muna 2022 ndikaona tsvimbo ine siketi yeporcelain yakatsemuka; maneja wefekitori akafunga kuti "yaingova simbi chete."

Ini ndinoti chinodzivirira mheni ivharuvhu ine simba guru remagetsi; inopa 200 000 amp lightning stroke nzira yakananga ichienda pasi kuitira kuti chivako chisambonzwa kurwadza.

Mashandiro anoita spark gap

Chinobatidza chiri pakati pemutsetse wepamusoro negridi yepasi. Mukati mune murwi wemabhuroko evaristor. Pasi pemagetsi emutsetse akajairwa, murwi wacho unova circuit yakavhurika. Kana gore rarova, voltage inokwira kusvika kumamiriyoni emavolts. Mabhuroko evaristor anotenderera ipapo ipapo uye magetsi anomhanya pasi pecopper down-conductor kuenda ku earth rod. Kana mhepo yapera, mabhuroko anodzima zvakare saka mutsetse unoramba uchidyisa zvinhu. Chiitiko chose chinotora 100 microseconds. Kana mabhuroko akachipa kana kuti akatsemuka anoramba achidziya; ndosaka ndichikumbira thermo scan gore rega rega.

Makirasi emagetsi auchaona pazita rezita

Ndinotora mashoko ekuti arresters ari muzvikamu zvitatu kuitira kuti mutengi akwanise kuenderana nemagetsi emagetsi:

Musiyano wemitengo pakati peChina neA-brand

Chigadziko che33 kV polymer chinobva kuWenzhou line yangu chinopfuura IEC 60099-4 uye chinodhura $49. Chimiro chimwe chete kubva kuEuropean blue-chip catalog chine $210. Ndakarega Jeff achimhanya bvunzo ye15 kV muHouston uye musiyano wemagetsi akasara waive 3% chete. Akabhuka zvidimbu mazana maviri zvepurazi remhepo uye akachengetedza $32 000.

Vatengi vazhinji havaoni musungo wekuisa musungo

Unofanira kuchengetedza muswe wemhangura we 1 m kana kuti inductance inoshanduka kuita 1000 V pa mita imwe uye bhaudhi rinosvetuka parutivi. Ndinotumira dhirowa re stencil pese painotumirwa kuitira kuti mukondirakita asakwanise kukotamisa waya kuita coil yakanaka kuti "itaridzike zvakanaka."

Ndeapi Misiyano Yakakosha Pakati peSPD neLightning Arrester?

Ndakamborasikirwa neodha itsva nekuti mutengi akaisa zvinhu zvese pasi pe "surge stuff" ndokutenga ma arresters maviri ekabhineti.

Ndiri kuchengeta kadhi rekunyepera muhomwe mangu: arrester inobata mheni hombe ye100 kA inorova panze, SPD ichicheka zvasara zvidiki zve20 kV mukati; zvakasiyana nesimba, kumhanya, nzvimbo, uye mutengo.

Mujaho wesimba - 1000: 1

Kurova kwemheni zvakananga kunogona kuburitsa mamegajoules chiuru. Chibatiso changu chikuru che33 kV chakaedzwa kuti chitore 10 kJ/kV, inenge 300 kJ yese. SPD yepaneru inoedzwa kusvika 320 J chete pavaristor disk. Ndosaka tichiita gadziriro iyi: chibatiso chinodya nyama, SPD inodya zvidimbu.

Mujaho wekumhanya - 1 vs 100 microseconds

Bhaudhi rinokwira mu microsekondi imwe chete. Gap regesi riri mukati me arrester rinopfuta mu 0.1 µs. MOV iri mukati me SPD inoda 25 nanoseconds, asi iri mushure metambo refu saka kumberi kwatononoka. Kana ukachinjana zviviri izvi, MOV inoputika arrester asati atombomuka.

Mutengo wemujaho - 50: 1

Arrester $49, SPD $18. Isa inodhura padenga panodiwa yuniti imwe chete, uye yakachipa pane imwe neimwe panel yaunoda makumi maviri.

SPD Inodzivirira Sei Midziyo Yemagetsi?

Ndakaona bhekari rekuFlorida richirasikirwa nemadhiraivha matatu anochinja-chinja mumwedzi mumwe chete kusvika tasvika pakubvisa maDIN-rail SPD maviri mubhazi.

Ndinotsanangurira maneja wemafekitori kuti SPD chinhu chinovhara magetsi; inoona spike ichiuya, inovhara gonhi, uye inongobvumira 600 V yakachengeteka kuti ipinde mumaPLC nemadhiraivha ako.

Nhanho nenhanho mumashoko akajeka

1. Chinokwira chinopinda paMutsetse 1.
2. MOV inonzwa kuti simba rayo rakawandisa uye kuramba kwayo kunodonha.
3. Mvura yakawedzerwa inosundirwa parutivi mubhawa risina kwarakarerekera.
4. Voltage iri pakati peLine 1 neNeutral haimbofi yakakwira kupfuura 1.2 kV.
5. Danho rekupinda mudhiraivha rinongoona 480 V pamwe nekakunguruma kadiki uye rinoramba richimhanya.

Nhamba chaidzo kubva pabhenji rangu rekuyedza

Ndakapfura wave ye6 kV 3 kA 8/20 µs mu40 kA SPD. Voltage yakasara pawaya dzinobuda yaive 960 V. Dhiraivha ye480 V yakajairwa inogona kurarama 1.5 kV, saka mari yacho i540 V. Jeff akakumbira mari yekuchengetedza ye20%; takasarudza modhi ye60 kA tikawana mari yakasara ye780 V. Akarega kutenga madhiraivha ekuwedzera.

Tafura yandinosiya nemapoka ekugadzirisa

Kana paine bhokisi rakakundikana, bvisa katuriji wobva wabaya imwe itsva. Hapana masikurudhiraivha, hapana kudzima.

Chinovhara Mheni Chinodzivirira Sei Masisitimu Emagetsi?

Ndakaona tambo ye33 kV muIndia ichipenya ichinyungudutsa 200 m yearuminiyamu kusvika taisa zvibatiso zvepolymer padanda rega rega.

Ndinoudza vatengi vemagetsi kuti: chinhu chinobatirira magetsi ivharuvhu inorerutsira kumanikidzwa kwedenga; chinobata simba remagetsi rinosvika mamiriyoni evolts roridururira mugedhi revhu mafuta etransformer asati afashaira.

Kuyera kwevoltage vs voltage yesystem - mutemo we25%

Sarudza chibatiso chemagetsi chine mwero we75% yevoltage yemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi. Pa 33 kV system ndinosarudza chibatiso chemagetsi che30 kV. Izvi zvinopa mukana we25% kuitira kuti chibatiso chisaite kana paine matumbu akajairwa, asi chinoramba chichipfuta pasi pe170 kV.

Kutarisa simba nehukuru hwe down-conductor

Simba rinofanira kutorwa nechinhu chinobata simba rinokura pamwe chete nechikamu che stroke current uye kureba kwe copper tail. Ini ndinoshandisa fomura E = 0.5 × L × I². Pa stroke ye 100 kA uye 1 µH/m pamuswe we 2 m, E = 0.5 × 2 × 100 000² = 10 MJ. Chinobata simba rangu re 33 kV chinoedzwa kusvika 10 kJ/kV × 30 kV = 300 kJ. Grid revhu rinofanira kudya zvasara, saka ndinosimbirira pa ≤4 Ω earth resistance.

Chidzidzo chemuenzaniso - purazi remhepo muTexas

Maturbine zana, rimwe nerimwe riine tambo yekuunganidza ye34.5 kV. Takaisa arrester imwe chete padanda rega rega rechitatu uye patransformer yega yega. Makore maviri gare gare, kurohwa kwakananga kwakarova phase B. Arrester yakapfura, recloser yakavhurwa ndokuvhara, uye maturbine haana kumbomira. Pasina arresters, kambani ingadai yakabhadhara $50 000 semari yekurasikirwa nekugadzirwa.

Ndezvipi Zvinowanzoitwa neSPDs neLightning Arresters?

Ndakapinda mufekitori yeshangu dzekuVietnam yakanga yashandisa $8 000 pakugadzira matanda edenga uye isina kuvharwa pamapanera; michina yavo yeCNC yakaramba ichikundikana pese painoitika.

Ndinoisa mutemo uri nyore pabhodhi jena: vanosunga vanochengetedza grid kunze, maSPD vanochengetedza machipisi ari mukati; isa rimwe nerimwe parakaedzwa kana kuti unopisa mari kaviri.

Kwandinotengesa maSPD

- Madhiraivha anochinja-chinja mumitsara yepurasitiki inobuda

- PLC racks mumafekitori emabhodhoro

- Mwenje yemitambo ye LED pa 480 V circuits

- Mapaneru ekuisa eUPS pakati pedata

Kwandinotengesa zvinhu zvinosunga

- 33 kV mitsetse yepamusoro inodyisa zvigayo zvemafuta emuchindwe

- Matransformer anokwira nemhepo anotenderera

- Mabhokisi ekubatanidza eSolar 1500 V DC

- Zviteshi zvechitima zvinodhonza simba

Mabasa akasiyana-siyana - zvishandiso zvese zviri zviviri

Zvipatara: vanobata 11 kV incomer, SPDs pamadziro ese epasi.

Nzvimbo dzedata: zvibatiso zviri mudura remagetsi, maSPD ari paUPS, maSPD ari zvakare pamaseva.

Chigadzirwa chepurasitiki chaJeff chazvino: vanhu makumi matatu vakasungwa pamutsetse wepore, vanhu zana nemakumi maviri vakasungwa mukati mechigadzirwa. Akarega kutenga makadhi eI/O ekuwedzera.

MaSPD neLightning Arresters Anowanzoiswa kupi?

Ndakamboona vashandi vekugadzirisa vachisundira SPD padenga resimbi; dutu rekutanga rakavhuvhuta varistors nepakati pepurasitiki.

Ndinopa mugadziri wega wega mufananidzo wepeji rimwe chete: arrester anogara padanda kana pamucheto wedenga, SPD inogara mukati memusuwo wepaneru pa35 mm DIN rail; chengeta waya dziri pfupi uye dzakatwasuka kana kuti inductance inokunda chikamu chacho.

Tepi yekubiridzira yekubvisa pepa rekubiridzira mukati memasuo epaneru

Dhirowa redenga raJeff randakagadzira ini

1. Chiteshi chemhepo (tsvimbo) chiri padanda repamusoro-soro.
2. Down-conductor 2 AWG copper, nzira pfupi kupfuura dzose inoenda ku earth rod.
3. Chibatiso chakaiswa pamadziro, divi remutsara kune chinhu chinoshandiswa, divi revhu kune tsvimbo imwe chete.
4. Mukati me switchboard huru, SPD iri mubhazi, ivhu kusvika kubhawa remhangura.

Gridhi rimwe chete repasi, mabasa maviri, hapana kuvhiringidzika.

Unosarudza Sei Mudziyo Wakakodzera Zvaunoda?

Mumwe mutengi wekuMalaysia akambonditumira RFQ ye "surge things" uye ndakataura mazana mashanu ega ega; aingoda maSPD chete.

Ndinobvunza mibvunzo mitatu: ivoltage iri pawaya, isimba ripi rinogona kuirova, uye waya iri kupi? Pindura mibvunzo iyoyo uye nhamba yechikamu inobva yazvinyora yoga.

Muti wesarudzo wandinotumira kune vatengi kuburikidza neemail

1. Waya iri pamberi pemita here kana kuti mushure?

– Asati asvika → mubati.

– Mushure me → enda ku2.

2. Chinobuda mumheni here kana kuti chiri mukati memitoro?

– Mheni → chinhu chinobata kunze + SPD mukati.

– VFD, welder, contactor → SPD chete.

3. Chii chinonzi voltage yesystem?

– 120 V, 277 V, 480 V, 690 V → sarudza SPD ine Uc 15% pamusoro pezita repamutemo.

– 6 kV, 11 kV, 33 kV → pick arrester ine 75% yemagetsi emuchadenga.

Tafura yekusarudza nekukurumidza yandinodhinda pamitengo

Denderedza mutsetse, saina PO, vhara faira.

SPDs neLightning Arresters zvinofanira kuchengetwa uye kuongororwa sei?

Ndakaenda kuGermany nendege munaKurume wadarika nekuti hwindo reSPD rakaita dema mushure memwedzi mitanhatu chete; fekitori yakanga yabatanidza neutral kumashure.

Ndinodzidzisa vashandi: ndinotarisa pahwindo kota yega yega, ndinoyera kubuda kwemvura kamwe chete pagore, uye ndinoongorora thermo-scan arresters mushure medutu rega rega; kana muviri we arrester uchipisa zvakanyanya kupfuura 10 °C, chitsinhane usati waputika.

Ongororo yepeji rimwe chete yandinonamira pamasuo epaneru

Kiti yezvikamu zvesimbi zvandinotumira neodha yega yega

- 5% mamwe ma MOV cartridges eSPDs

- Dzimba mbiri dzepolymer dzekuwedzera dzevasungwa

- 1 infrared thermometer, modhi DT-380

Jeff anochengeta zvinhu izvi muchitoro; nguva yekuzorora yakadzikira kubva pamaawa masere pagore kusvika pazero.

Mhedziso

Ndakavaka fekitori ine 2 000 m² ndikatumira zvishandiso zvinosvika 300 000 nekutarisa mutemo mumwe chete uri nyore: arrester panze, SPD mukati.

Vhura panel yako, tarisa waya, uye odha murindi akakodzera nhasi—michina yako nemuakaunzi wako vachakutenda.