Leave Your Message
Ko Surge Protector Inodzivirira Kugumburwa Kwedunhu Rinopwanya Here?
Nhau
Nhau dzeMapoka
    Nhau Dzakakurumbira

    Ko Surge Protector Inodzivirira Kugumburwa Kwedunhu Rinopwanya Here?

    2025-10-14

    Ko Mudziviriri weKukwira Dzivisa Kugumburwa Muputsi wedunhu?

    Ndaiwanzorasikirwa nemabreaker ekugadzirisazve madhairekitori angu mangwanani ese kusvika ndabvunza mubvunzo mumwe chete uri nyore.

    Kwete, chidziviriro chemagetsi hachigone kudzivirira breaker yako kuti isagumbuke. Mabreaker anogumbuke kana magetsi akawandisa; ma surge protectors anongobata ma short voltage spikes. Ndinochengeta zvishandiso zvese zviri mupaneru dzangu nekuti zvinogadzirisa matambudziko maviri akasiyana.

    Ramba uchiverenga uye ndichakuratidza kuti sei zvishandiso zviviri izvi zvisingachinjiki uye kuti ungasarudza sei chakakodzera pabasa rega rega.

    Kunzwisisa Basa reVadziviriri veKuvhiya mu Masisitimu Emagetsi?

    mudziyo wekudzivirira wekuwedzera, SPD, T2 3P SPD.jpg

    Ndakambochinjana mabreaker matatu ndisati ndaziva kuti haasiriyo dambudziko—mudziviriri wangu wekuvhiya aiviga dambudziko chairo.

    Chidziviriro chemagetsi hachikwanise kudzora magetsi; chinotora kana kupfupisa ma "high-voltage spikes" anogara muma "microseconds". Chinogara chakatarisana nemutoro uye hachimbokanganisi circuit sezvinoita "breaker".

    Zvinonyatsoita sei kudzivirira kukwira kwemvura

    Mudziyo unodzivirira mafungu (SPD) unobata mavoltage e-line-to-line kana kuti-line-to-ground anokwira pamusoro pedanho rakatarwa, kazhinji ka1.5-2 kupfuura voltage ye nominal. Unoita izvi ne metal-oxide varistors (MOVs) kana gas discharge tubes. Nguva ye reaction i nanoseconds, asi simba rayo imazana mashoma chete ejoules e small plug-in strips uye anosvika 100 kA epanel-mount units. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti: haimbovhuri circuit. Current inoramba ichiyerera; spike chete ndiyo inotsauswa.

    Kwatinovaisa musystem

    Nzvimbo

    Rudzi rweSPD rwakajairika

    Chinangwa

    Mukova webasa

    Rudzi 1

    Bata mheni iri kunze

    Panera repasi

    Rudzi rwechipiri

    Dzivirira mabhuroko ari pasi pemvura

    Chigadziko

    Rudzi rwechitatu

    Dzivirira mudziyo mumwe chete

    Nei izvi zvichikosha kune vatariri vekutenga zvinhu

    Kana ukatenga mabreaker chete wosiya maSPD, michina yako ichiri kushanda, asi spike yega yega inopfupisa hupenyu hwayo. Kana ukatenga maSPD chete wobva wasveta mabreaker, unogona kupiswa nemoto kana paine short circuit. Ndinochengeta ese ari maviri pafekitori yangu yeWenzhou nekuti vatengi vazhinji veEU vava kukumbira kuti EN 61643-4-11 itevedzere mutemo wekutenga wakafanana newabreaker specs.

    Chii Chinokonzera Kugumburwa Kwemacircuit Breakers - Uye Chii Chisingagumburwi?

    4p L7.jpg

    Ndakaona mota ye32 A breaker ichivhurwa musi weChishanu masikati zvikatitorera mari yekushanda nekuti mumwe munhu akawedzera imwe heater.

    Chinopwanya magetsi chinodonha kana magetsi adarika simba rawo remagetsi kana rekupisa. Kukwira kwemagetsi, maharmoniki, kana mafungu madiki ekudonha kwemvura hazviipindi; asi magetsi chaiwo anodarika simba remagetsi ndiwo anoita izvozvo.

    Makomba maviri makuru erwendo

    Rudzi rweKona

    Magineti TripRange

    Kushandiswa Kwakajairika

    B

    3–5 × Mukati

    Mwenje, nzvimbo dzekutengesa

    C

    5–10 × Mukati

    Mota, matransformer

    D

    10–20 × Mukati

    Mitoro yakawanda yekupinda

    Zvikonzero zvechokwadi zvandinoona mumunda

    1. Kuremerwa zvakanyanya: Unoisa maheater maviri e1500 W mucircuit imwe chete ye16 A. Current i13 A paheater imwe neimwe, saka huwandu hwe26 A pa 16 A breaker hunodziisa. Chikamu chekupisa chinodziisa uye chinovhura mushure memaminitsi.
    2. Dunhu pfupi: Waya isina kusimba inobata bhokisi repaneru. Impedance inodonha kusvika padyo ne zero, magetsi anobuda kusvika pa 1000 A, uye chikamu chemagnetic chinodonha muma milliseconds.
    3. Mhosva yevhu: Zvakafanana nepfupi, asi nzira iri kuburikidza newaya yepasi. Kana breaker yako iine GFCI yakavakirwa mukati, ichavhurika pa30 mA kusawirirana.

    CHII CHISINGAGONESE breaker

    - Kupinza kwe300 V kwe50 µs: Chinopwanya hachimbooni sekuwedzera kwemagetsi.

    - Kudzivirira kwe surge kuri kupfura: MOV inodhonza ma amps mashoma ema microseconds; haikwani kupisa bi-metal strip.

    - Ruzha rweRadio-frequency: Iri ivoltage, kwete current.

    Ndakapedza vhiki rese ndichitsvaga "marwendo ekunetsa" kusvika ndapatsanura maprinta elaser ane inrush yakawanda paC-curve breaker. Dambudziko ragadziriswa, hapana chinodiwa che surge gear.

    Kana Zvidziviriro zveKuputika Zvichikosha MuSisitimu Yenyu Yekugovera Simba?

    Ndakarasikirwa nemadhora mazana matatu emadhora ePLC nekuda kwedutu remhepo uye pakupedzisira ndakawedzera maSPD pane imwe neimwe panel—hapana kuzochinjana mabhodhi kubvira ipapo.

    Unoda zvinhu zvinodzivirira kukwira kwemhepo kana nzvimbo yako iine tambo refu, magetsi anonzwa, kana kuti mheni. Hazviregi kugumburwa, asi zvinomisa kukuvara kunoitika breaker isati yatombogona kuita chimwe chinhu.

    Zvinhu zvitatu zvine njodzi zviri patafura

    Dambudziko reNjodzi

    MhedzisiroIsinaSPD

    CosttoFix

    Mheni yakarova pamutsetse wemagetsi

    6 kV inopinda mumadhiraivha

    Tsiva maVFD mashanu, $8000

    Kuchinja ma contactor makuru

    Simba re 1 kV pa 24 V DC

    Tsiva makadhi ePLC, $2000

    Tireyi refu yetambo inomhanya

    Mafungu akaratidzwa >2 kV

    Kudzosera mota kumashure, $3000

    Masvomhu emari nerubatsiro andinopa kune vatengi

    Mhando yechipiri yeSPD ine 40 kA inodhura fekitari yangu ne$12 FOB Wenzhou. Ndinoitengesa kuvatengesi veEU ne$18. VFD imwe chete yakachengetedzwa inobhadhara mayunitsi mazana mana. Jeff Weaver, mutengi wangu wekuUS, akandiudza kuti TCO yake yakaderera ne8% mushure mekunge awedzera maSPDs pamusoro peboka rega rega remabreaker. Achiri kukanganisa mabreaker kana saw ikavhara, asi haachatsivi madrives kota yega yega.

    Mazano ekuisa zvinhu zvaunogona kugovana nenyanzvi yako yemagetsi

    - Isa chiputsi cheSPD padivi pechiputsi chikuru kuti uchengetedze maleads ari pasi pe50 cm.

    - Shandisa waya ye10 mm² kana yakakura; inductance ndiyo muvengi.

    - Wedzera 20 A C-curve breaker yakatsaurirwa yeSPD chete; izvi zvinodzivirira matambudziko ekufamba kana SPD yasvika pakuguma kwehupenyu uye yapera.

    Kusarudza Chidziviriro Chakakodzera Chekushandisa Kwako?

    Chitarisiko chekudzivirira kwemvura.jpg

    Ndakamboenzanisa voltage yeSPD isiriyo ndikawana 277 V pasystem ye220 V; maMOV akaputa fodya mumasekonzi mashoma.

    Sarudza SPD ine voltage rating inoenderana ne line-to-ground value yako, current rating yakakwira kupfuura surge inotarisirwa, uye failure mode inovhurika kwete shorts.

    Rondedzero yekutarisa yandinotumira kune vatengi

    Zvakanyanya

    WhattoWriteonPO

    NeiZvichikosha

    Uc (Inoenderera mberi zvakanyanya)

    275 V AC ye 230 V system

    Inodzivirira kusakara kwenhema

    Kumusoro (Dziviriro yeVoltage)

    Inosiya muganho wekutakura

    Imax (Kuwedzera kwakanyanya)

    40 kA 8/20 µs

    Inovhara 90% yekurohwa

    Chiratidzo chekukundikana

    Mureza wegirini/mutsvuku

    Inochengetedza nguva yetekinoroji

    Sarudzo dzeOEM dzandinowana kubva kufekitori yangu

    Tinogona kudhinda logo yenyu, kuchinja urefu hwewaya, kana kuwedzera kero iri kure inoratidza SCADA yenyu kana SPD yakundikana. MOQ izvidimbu mazana maviri, nguva yekuburitsa inopera mazuva gumi nemashanu. Tinopawo mishumo yeCB, CE, uye TUV kuitira kuti mugone kuwedzera SPD kune imwe chete nemidziyo yenyu yekubhuroka pasina mamwe mapepa ekuwedzera.

    Zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvandakarega kuita

    1. Kusanganisa mhando 1 nemhando 2 munzvimbo imwe chete—zvinodhura kaviri, hapana kuwedzera.
    2. Kushandisa 120 V SPD pa 277 V lighting circuit—kunogara kwevhiki imwe chete.
    3. Kukanganwa kuronga breaker—SPD shorts, breaker trips, production inomira zvakadaro.

    Unoshanda pamwe chete neMugadziri Akavimbika weOEM/ODM Solutions here?

    Ndakatanga ne 200 square metres nemuchina mumwe chete wekubaya jekiseni; nhasi fekitori yedu ye 2,000 m² inotakura makontena makumi mana pamwedzi nekuti tinobata PO yega yega sekunge ndeyedu.

    Unowana kukurumidza, mutengo, uye rugare rwepfungwa kana ukawana maSPD nemabreaker kubva kufekitori imwe inopa maturusi emukati, kuyedza zvizere, uye logistics yesuo nesuo. Ndinopa vatengi vangu PO imwe chete, kutumira kamwe chete, uye kutaura kamwe chete mushure mekutengesa.

    Masevhisi atinounganidza

    Basa

    Zvaunowana

    BatsirwaIwe

    Kugadzira Zvishandiso

    Ruvara rwepurasitiki rwakagadzirwa nemaoko

    Kufananidza rudzi, mold yemavhiki mana

    Kuedzwa

    8 / 20 µs yekuvhiya kwemuviri

    Pepa redata rakabatanidzwa

    Kugadziriswa kwezvinhu

    FOB, CIF, DDP

    Hapana dambudziko rekutakura zvinhu

    Garandi

    makore maviri

    Tsiva, hapana nharo

    Sei Jeff Weaver achigara nesu?

    Anotumira email imwe chete ine huwandu hwemabreaker, maSPD, uye masimbi ekuvhara. Tinovhara mutengo kwemwedzi gumi nemiviri, totumira paEXW kana DDP Hamburg, uye towedzera mazita eGerman. Anodzivisa kuongororwa kaviri nekuti tinoisa mapikicha padanho rega rega. Kana timu yake ikakanganisa breaker panguva yekuyedzwa kwemutsetse, vanoziva kuti SPD ichiri kuchengetedza madhiraivha, uye zvikamu zvese zvakabva mubatch imwe chete, mutsetse mumwe chete, QC sheet imwe chete.

    Maitiro ekutanga chirongwa

    1. Nditumirei email mutengo wenyu wamakaronga uye huwandu hwegore negore.
    2. Tinodzosa mufananidzo we3D mumaawa makumi mana nemasere.
    3. Kana mabvuma, tinotumira masampuli mumazuva manomwe.
    4. Makopi ekutanga mazana maviri anotumirwa mumazuva gumi nemashanu, magwaro ese akabatanidzwa.

    Mhedziso

    Maputsi anomisa moto, maSPD anomisa kukuvara—shandisa zvese uye unorara zviri nani.

    Nditumirei runyorwa rwemapaneru enyu uye ndichataura zvikamu zvese mumufananidzo mumwe chete. Ko Surge Protector Inodzivirira Kugumburwa Kwedunhu Rinopwanya Here?

    Ndaiwanzorasikirwa nemabreaker ekugadzirisazve madhairekitori angu mangwanani ese kusvika ndabvunza mubvunzo mumwe chete uri nyore.

    Kwete, chidziviriro chemagetsi hachigone kudzivirira breaker yako kuti isagumbuke. Mabreaker anogumbuke kana magetsi akawandisa; ma surge protectors anongobata ma short voltage spikes. Ndinochengeta zvishandiso zvese zviri mupaneru dzangu nekuti zvinogadzirisa matambudziko maviri akasiyana.

    Ramba uchiverenga uye ndichakuratidza kuti sei zvishandiso zviviri izvi zvisingachinjiki uye kuti ungasarudza sei chakakodzera pabasa rega rega.

    Kunzwisisa Basa reVadziviriri veKuvhiya muMasisitimu Emagetsi?

    Midziyo yekuedza yeSPD, mudziyo wekudzivirira surge, fato yeDC SPD.jpg

    Ndakambochinjana mabreaker matatu ndisati ndaziva kuti haasiriyo dambudziko—mudziviriri wangu wekuvhiya aiviga dambudziko chairo.

    Chidziviriro chemagetsi hachikwanise kudzora magetsi; chinotora kana kupfupisa ma "high-voltage spikes" anogara muma "microseconds". Chinogara chakatarisana nemutoro uye hachimbokanganisi circuit sezvinoita "breaker".

    Zvinonyatsoita sei kudzivirira kukwira kwemvura

    Mudziyo unodzivirira mafungu (SPD) unobata mavoltage e-line-to-line kana kuti-line-to-ground anokwira pamusoro pedanho rakatarwa, kazhinji ka1.5-2 kupfuura voltage ye nominal. Unoita izvi ne metal-oxide varistors (MOVs) kana gas discharge tubes. Nguva ye reaction i nanoseconds, asi simba rayo imazana mashoma chete ejoules e small plug-in strips uye anosvika 100 kA epanel-mount units. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti: haimbovhuri circuit. Current inoramba ichiyerera; spike chete ndiyo inotsauswa.

    Kwatinovaisa musystem

    Nzvimbo

    Rudzi rweSPD rwakajairika

    Chinangwa

    Mukova webasa

    Rudzi 1

    Bata mheni iri kunze

    Chikamu chidiki

    Rudzi rwechipiri

    Dzivirira mabhuroko ari pasi pemvura

    Chigadziko

    Rudzi rwechitatu

    Dzivirira mudziyo mumwe chete

    Nei izvi zvichikosha kune vatariri vekutenga zvinhu

    Kana ukatenga mabreaker chete wosiya maSPD, michina yako ichiri kushanda, asi spike yega yega inopfupisa hupenyu hwayo. Kana ukatenga maSPD chete wobva wasveta mabreaker, unogona kupiswa nemoto kana paine short circuit. Ndinochengeta ese ari maviri pafekitori yangu yeWenzhou nekuti vatengi vazhinji veEU vava kukumbira kuti EN 61643-4-11 itevedzere mutemo wekutenga wakafanana newabreaker specs.

    Chii Chinokonzera Kugumburwa Kwemacircuit Breakers - Uye Chii Chisingagumburwi?

    Ndakaona mota ye32 A breaker ichivhurwa musi weChishanu masikati zvikatitorera mari yekushanda nekuti mumwe munhu akawedzera imwe heater.

    Chinopwanya magetsi chinodonha kana magetsi adarika simba rawo remagetsi kana rekupisa. Kukwira kwemagetsi, maharmoniki, kana mafungu madiki ekudonha kwemvura hazviipindi; asi magetsi chaiwo anodarika simba remagetsi ndiwo anoita izvozvo.

    Makomba maviri makuru erwendo

    Rudzi rweKona

    Magineti TripRange

    Kushandiswa Kwakajairika

    B

    3–5 × Mukati

    Mwenje, nzvimbo dzekutengesa

    C

    5–10 × Mukati

    Mota, matransformer

    D

    10–20 × Mukati

    Mitoro yakawanda yekupinda

    Zvikonzero zvechokwadi zvandinoona mumunda

    1. Kuremerwa zvakanyanya: Unoisa maheater maviri e1500 W mucircuit imwe chete ye16 A. Current i13 A paheater imwe neimwe, saka huwandu hwe26 A pa 16 A breaker hunodziisa. Chikamu chekupisa chinodziisa uye chinovhura mushure memaminitsi.
    2. Dunhu pfupi: Waya isina kusimba inobata bhokisi repaneru. Impedance inodonha kusvika padyo ne zero, magetsi anobuda kusvika pa 1000 A, uye chikamu chemagnetic chinodonha muma milliseconds.
    3. Mhosva yevhu: Zvakafanana nepfupi, asi nzira iri kuburikidza newaya yepasi. Kana breaker yako iine GFCI yakavakirwa mukati, ichavhurika pa30 mA kusawirirana.

    CHII CHISINGAGONESE breaker

    - Kupinza kwe300 V kwe50 µs: Chinopwanya hachimbooni sekuwedzera kwemagetsi.

    - Kudzivirira kwe surge kuri kupfura: MOV inodhonza ma amps mashoma ema microseconds; haikwani kupisa bi-metal strip.

    - Ruzha rweRadio-frequency: Iri ivoltage, kwete current.

    Ndakapedza vhiki rese ndichitsvaga "marwendo ekunetsa" kusvika ndapatsanura maprinta elaser ane inrush yakawanda paC-curve breaker. Dambudziko ragadziriswa, hapana chinodiwa che surge gear.

    Kana Zvidziviriro zveKuputika Zvichikosha MuSisitimu Yenyu Yekugovera Simba?

    Ndakarasikirwa nemadhora mazana matatu emadhora ePLC nekuda kwedutu remhepo uye pakupedzisira ndakawedzera maSPD pane imwe neimwe panel—hapana kuzochinjana mabhodhi kubvira ipapo.

    Unoda zvinhu zvinodzivirira kukwira kwemhepo kana nzvimbo yako iine tambo refu, magetsi anonzwa, kana kuti mheni. Hazviregi kugumburwa, asi zvinomisa kukuvara kunoitika breaker isati yatombogona kuita chimwe chinhu.

    Zvinhu zvitatu zvine njodzi zviri patafura

    Dambudziko reNjodzi

    MhedzisiroIsinaSPD

    CosttoFix

    Mheni yakarova pamutsetse wemagetsi

    6 kV inopinda mumadhiraivha

    Tsiva maVFD mashanu, $8000

    Kuchinja ma contactor makuru

    Simba re 1 kV pa 24 V DC

    Tsiva makadhi ePLC, $2000

    Tireyi refu yetambo inomhanya

    Mafungu akaratidzwa >2 kV

    Kudzosera mota kumashure, $3000

    Masvomhu emari nerubatsiro andinopa kune vatengi

    Mhando yechipiri yeSPD ine 40 kA inodhura fekitari yangu ne$12 FOB Wenzhou. Ndinoitengesa kuvatengesi veEU ne$18. VFD imwe chete yakachengetedzwa inobhadhara mayunitsi mazana mana. Jeff Weaver, mutengi wangu wekuUS, akandiudza kuti TCO yake yakaderera ne8% mushure mekunge awedzera maSPDs pamusoro peboka rega rega remabreaker. Achiri kukanganisa mabreaker kana saw ikavhara, asi haachatsivi madrives kota yega yega.

    Mazano ekuisa zvinhu zvaunogona kugovana nenyanzvi yako yemagetsi

    - Isa chiputsi cheSPD padivi pechiputsi chikuru kuti uchengetedze maleads ari pasi pe50 cm.

    - Shandisa waya ye10 mm² kana yakakura; inductance ndiyo muvengi.

    - Wedzera 20 A C-curve breaker yakatsaurirwa yeSPD chete; izvi zvinodzivirira matambudziko ekufamba kana SPD yasvika pakuguma kwehupenyu uye yapera.

    Kusarudza Chidziviriro Chakakodzera Chekushandisa Kwako?

    Ndakamboenzanisa voltage yeSPD isiriyo ndikawana 277 V pasystem ye220 V; maMOV akaputa fodya mumasekonzi mashoma.

    Sarudza SPD ine voltage rating inoenderana ne line-to-ground value yako, current rating yakakwira kupfuura surge inotarisirwa, uye failure mode inovhurika kwete shorts.

    Rondedzero yekutarisa yandinotumira kune vatengi

    Zvakanyanya

    WhattoWriteonPO

    NeiZvichikosha

    Uc (Inoenderera mberi zvakanyanya)

    275 V AC ye 230 V system

    Inodzivirira kusakara kwenhema

    Kumusoro (Dziviriro yeVoltage)

    Inosiya muganho wekutakura

    Imax (Kuwedzera kwakanyanya)

    40 kA 8/20 µs

    Inovhara 90% yekurohwa

    Chiratidzo chekukundikana

    Mureza wegirini/mutsvuku

    Inochengetedza nguva yetekinoroji

    Sarudzo dzeOEM dzandinowana kubva kufekitori yangu

    Tinogona kudhinda logo yenyu, kuchinja urefu hwewaya, kana kuwedzera kero iri kure inoratidza SCADA yenyu kana SPD yakundikana. MOQ izvidimbu mazana maviri, nguva yekuburitsa inopera mazuva gumi nemashanu. Tinopawo mishumo yeCB, CE, uye TUV kuitira kuti mugone kuwedzera SPD kune imwe chete nemidziyo yenyu yekubhuroka pasina mamwe mapepa ekuwedzera.

    Zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvandakarega kuita

    1. Kusanganisa mhando 1 nemhando 2 munzvimbo imwe chete—zvinodhura kaviri, hapana kuwedzera.
    2. Kushandisa 120 V SPD pa 277 V lighting circuit—kunogara kwevhiki imwe chete.
    3. Kukanganwa kuronga breaker—SPD shorts, breaker trips, production inomira zvakadaro.

    Unoshanda pamwe chete neMugadziri Akavimbika weOEM/ODM Solutions here?

    Ndakatanga ne 200 square metres nemuchina mumwe chete wekubaya jekiseni; nhasi fekitori yedu ye 2,000 m² inotakura makontena makumi mana pamwedzi nekuti tinobata PO yega yega sekunge ndeyedu.

    Unowana kukurumidza, mutengo, uye rugare rwepfungwa kana ukawana maSPD nemabreaker kubva kufekitori imwe inopa maturusi emukati, kuyedza zvizere, uye logistics yesuo nesuo. Ndinopa vatengi vangu PO imwe chete, kutumira kamwe chete, uye kutaura kamwe chete mushure mekutengesa.

    Masevhisi atinounganidza

    Basa

    Zvaunowana

    BatsirwaIwe

    Kugadzira Zvishandiso

    Ruvara rwepurasitiki rwakagadzirwa nemaoko

    Kufananidza rudzi, mold yemavhiki mana

    Kuedzwa

    8 / 20 µs yekuvhiya kwemuviri

    Pepa redata rakabatanidzwa

    Kugadziriswa kwezvinhu

    FOB, CIF, DDP

    Hapana dambudziko rekutakura zvinhu

    Garandi

    makore maviri

    Tsiva, hapana nharo

    Sei Jeff Weaver achigara nesu?

    Anotumira email imwe chete ine huwandu hwemabreaker, maSPD, uye masimbi ekuvhara. Tinovhara mutengo kwemwedzi gumi nemiviri, totumira paEXW kana DDP Hamburg, uye towedzera mazita eGerman. Anodzivisa kuongororwa kaviri nekuti tinoisa mapikicha padanho rega rega. Kana timu yake ikakanganisa breaker panguva yekuyedzwa kwemutsetse, vanoziva kuti SPD ichiri kuchengetedza madhiraivha, uye zvikamu zvese zvakabva mubatch imwe chete, mutsetse mumwe chete, QC sheet imwe chete.

    Maitiro ekutanga chirongwa

    1. Nditumirei email mutengo wenyu wamakaronga uye huwandu hwegore negore.
    2. Tinodzosa mufananidzo we3D mumaawa makumi mana nemasere.
    3. Kana mabvuma, tinotumira masampuli mumazuva manomwe.
    4. Makopi ekutanga mazana maviri anotumirwa mumazuva gumi nemashanu, magwaro ese akabatanidzwa.

    Mhedziso

    Maputsi anomisa moto, maSPD anomisa kukuvara—shandisa zvese uye unorara zviri nani.

    Nditumirei runyorwa rwemapaneru enyu uye ndichataura zvikamu zvese zviri zviviri panguva imwe chete.