Basa rekubatsirana reVadziviriri veSurge, Circuit Breakers uye Fuses muPhotovoltaic Systems: Kuongorora Kushanda uye Kukurukurirana Kwezvinodiwa
Nhanganyaya
Nekukura kuri kuita indasitiri yepasi rose yemagetsi ezuva, kuchengetedzeka nekugadzikana kwemagetsi ezuva kwave chinhu chinonyanya kutariswa neindasitiri. Mamagetsi ezuva anoonekwa panze kwenguva yakareba uye anogona kutyisidzirwa nemheni, kushanduka kwegridi yemagetsi, uye kutadza kwemidziyo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwemidziyo kana kutopisa. Madhiraivha emagetsi (SPDs), macircuit breakers, uye mafuse zvishandiso zvakakosha zvekudzivirira izvo chimwe nechimwe chinoita mabasa acho uye chinoshanda pamwe chete kuti chive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka kwemagetsi. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora zvakadzama mabasa avo, nzira dzekubatanidza, uye kukosha kwekupa ruzivo kune vashandisi veindasitiri.
I. "Muurayi Asingaonekwe" Anotarisana Nemagadzirirwo Emagetsi Ezuva Nezuva
Zviteshi zvemagetsi zve photovoltaic zvakafanana ne "magamba esimbi" anoshanda mudenga, achigara achitsungirira miedzo yakasiyana-siyana yakaoma.
1.1 Matambudziko ekurohwa nemheni:
Kunyanya, kuMiddle East nekuSoutheast Asia, mwaka mumwe chete wemvura ine dutu unogona kumisa mashandiro asina dziviriro.
1.2 Kuchinja-chinja kwegridi yemagetsi:
Muchirongwa chekuChile chandaitarisira, michina yakati wandei yakatsva nekuda kwekuwedzera kamwe kamwe kwemagetsi egrid.
1.3 Njodzi yekufamba kwenguva pfupi:
Gore rapera, chirongwa muGermany chakambomira kushanda nekuda kwetambo dzakasakara, zvikaita kuti pave nemoto.
Njodzi idzi hadzisi dzekuwedzeredza. Sekureva kweInternational Photovoltaic Safety Alliance, kukundikana kwemagetsi emagetsi kunopfuura 60% kunokonzerwa nekushomeka kwedziviriro yemagetsi.
II. Mabasa Makuru eZvishandiso Zvinodzivirira Kuputika (SPD)
2.1 Nheyo yeKushanda
SPD inobvisa simba remagetsi rinodarika mwero (transient overvoltage) pasi kuburikidza nemetal oxide varistors (MOV) kana gas discharge tubes (GDT), ichideredza simba remagetsi mukati menzvimbo yakachengeteka. Muma photovoltaic systems, maSPD anowanzoiswa panzvimbo dzinotevera:
Rutivi rweDC (pakati pemamodules neinverter): Kudzivirira kubva pakukwira kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nemheni.
Rutivi rweAC (pakati peinverter negrid): Kuderedza overvoltage kubva kurutivi rwegrid.
2.2 MaParamita Akakosha
Voltage yepamusoro inoshanda nguva dzose (Uc): Inofanira kuenderana nevoltage ye photovoltaic system (yakadai se1000V DC kana 1500V DC).
Kuburitsa magetsi (In/Iimp): Kunoratidza kugona kuburitsa magetsi emagetsi, uye masisitimu emagetsi anowanzo da 20kA kana kupfuura.
Dziviriro yevoltage (Kumusoro): Inoona saizi yevoltage yasara uye inofanira kunge yakaderera pane voltage inomira yemidziyo yakachengetedzwa.
2.3 Zvinodiwa
Dzivirira midziyo inodhura yakaita sema inverter nema combiner boxes kuti isakuvadzwe nekukwira kwemagetsi.
Tevedzera mitemo yepasi rose (yakadai seIEC 6164331, UL 1449) uye zvinodiwa zvekugamuchira zviteshi zvemagetsi zve photovoltaic.
Ⅲ. Basa uye kusarudzwa kwema circuit breakers nema fuses
3.1 Muputsi wedunhu
Basa:
•Dziviriro Yekuwedzeredza: Kana magetsi akawandisa (sekunge 1.3 nguva yemagetsi akayerwa), nzira yekufamba nemhepo inopisa inoshanda.
•Kudzivirirwa Kwemasekonzi Mapfupi: Iyo electromagnetic trip mechanism inobvisa ma short-circuit current (akadai se10kA) mukati mema milliseconds.
• Hunhu hwekushandisa kwePhotovoltaic:
Muchina weDC circuit breaker wakatsaurirwa (wakaita seDC 1000V/1500V) unofanirwa kusarudzwa.
Kugona kutyora kunofanirwa kuenderana ne "short-circuit current" yesystem (kazhinji ≥ 15kA).
3.2 Fuse
Basa:
Nekunyungudutsa chinhu chefuse, chinogona kukurumidza kuparadzanisa dunhu rine zvikanganiso uye kudzivirira bazi rakabatana neseti.
Zvakanakira:
Kumhanya kwekubvisa magetsi kunokurumidza (padanho re microsecond), kwakakodzera mamiriro emagetsi e-short-circuit akawanda.
Idiki uye yakakodzera mabhokisi anotakura magetsi ane nzvimbo shoma.
3.3 Kushanda pamwe chete neSPD
SPD ine basa rekudzivirira magetsi, nepo macircuit breakers/fuse protectors ane basa rekudzivirira magetsi.
Kana SPD ikakundikana nekuda kwekuputsika kwesimba remagetsi, macircuit breakers kana ma fuse protectors anogona kudzima circuit isina kunaka nekukurumidza kudzivirira moto.
Ⅳ. Chidzidzo chemaitiro ekudzivirira ane mazinga akawanda
Semuenzaniso, chiteshi chemagetsi che 1MW chine simba re photovoltaic:
4.1 Dziviriro kudivi reDC
Matavi ezvikamu: Isa mafuse (akadai se10A gPV type) ezvikamu zvese.
Kupinda kwebhokisi rekubatanidza: Isa Type II SPD (Kukwira ≤ 1.5kV) uye DC circuit breaker (63A).
4.2 Dziviriro kudivi reAC
Mugumo we inverter: Gadzira Type 1+2 SPD (Iimp ≥ 12.5kA) uye molded case circuit breaker (250A).
4.3 Kutevedzera mamiriro ezvinhu ezvikanganiso
Kana mheni yarova: SPD inoburitsa simba remagetsi rinokwira uye inosunga voltage iri pasi pe2kV; kana SPD ikakundikana nekuda kweshort circuit, circuit breaker inodonha.
Kana paine mutsetse mupfupi wemagetsi: Fuse inonyunguduka mukati me5ms kudzivirira kupararira kwemhedzisiro yekupisa.
Ⅴ. Kungwarira pakusarudza nekuisa
5.1 Sarudzo yeSPD
Kune rumwe rutivi rweDC, SPD yemagetsi inobuda nechiedza (yakadai sePVSPD) inofanira kusarudzwa kudzivirira dambudziko remagetsi rinouya neAC SPD yakajairika.
Muganho wetembiricha unofanirwa kufungwa nezvawo (Uc inofanira kusiya muganho munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakakwira).
5.2 Circuit Breaker/Fuse Matching
Kugona kutyora kunofanira kunge kwakakwira kupfuura huwandu hwemagetsi epfupi ehurongwa (sekuti simba remagetsi retambo rinogona kusvika 1.5kA).
Mwero wemagetsi wefuse unofanirwa kuva wakapetwa ka1.56 kupfuura mwero wemagetsi wechikamu chepfupi (Isc) (zvichienderana neNEC 690.8).
5.3 Mazano ekubatanidza sisitimu
Kureba kwewaya iri pakati peSPD necircuit breaker kunofanira kuva ≤ 0.5m kuderedza voltage yakasara.
Kuongororwa nguva dzose kwezviratidzo zveSPD kunofanirwa kuitwa, uye mamodule akakundikana anofanira kutsiviwa nenguva.
Ⅵ. Mafambiro eIndasitiri uye Zvichangobva Kuitika
•Kudiwa kwemagetsi akawanda: Nekushandiswa kwakapararira kwemasisitimu e1500V photovoltaic, mazinga emagetsi anomira eSPD nemacircuit breakers anofanira kuwedzerwa zvakaenzana.
•Kutarisa kwakangwara: MaSPD akangwara anobatanidza masensa ekupisa uye mabasa ekutaurirana asina waya ari kushandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti awane yambiro yekutanga yekukanganisa kuri kure.
•Kusimbiswa kwakajairika: Shanduro itsva yeIEC 625482023 yakaisa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakubatanidza michina yekudzivirira masisitimu e photovoltaic.
Mhedziso
Mumasystem e photovoltaic, ma surge protectors, ma circuit breakers nema fuses zvinoumba system yakakwana yekudzivirira pamwe chete ye "voltage-current". Kusarudzwa nemagadzirirwo akakodzera ezvikamu izvi hakungogone kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa remidziyo nekuderedza mari yekushandisa nekugadzirisa, asiwo zvinhu zvakakosha pakuona kushanda kwakachengeteka kwezviteshi zvemagetsi. Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, kubatanidzwa nekuchenjera kwezvishandiso izvi zvekudzivirira kuchawedzera kuvimbika kwemasystem e photovoltaic mune ramangwana.