Maitiro Ekusarudza Nemazvo Chidziviriro Chekukwira (SPDs).

Mapoka mangani anogona kukamurwa kuva ma surge protectors?

Rudzi 1 (Rudzi rweVoltage Switching)

• Basa:
  Inonyanya kushandiswa kuburitsa mafungu makuru (10/350μs waveform) kubva pakurohwa kwemheni zvakananga kana kuti kunokonzerwa.
  Inowanzo shandiswa pamusuwo mukuru wekugoverwa kwesimba remagetsi muzvivakwa (nzvimbo yekuchinja kubva kuLPZ0 kuenda kuLPZ1).
• Nheyo yekushanda:

High impedance mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa: 

Kana pasina kukwira kwesimba, SPD inoramba iri mumamiriro ekupingirika kwepamusoro, isingakanganisi dunhu.
Kudzivirira kwakaderera pakukonzeresa:

Kana simba remagetsi rikakwira kupfuura mwero (semuenzaniso, 4kV), chubhu yekuburitsa gasi remukati (GDT) kana kuti spark gap inoputsika, zvichiita nzira ine impedance shoma yekuburitsa magetsi emakumi ekA pakarepo.
Kudzima kwearc kunotevera: Mushure mekunge kukwira kwapera, GDT inodzokera kumamiriro ayo ekudzivirira zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekuzvidzorera kwayo.

• Zvinoumba Zvikuru:

Tubhu reKuburitsa Gasi (GDT):Inoita kuburikidza ne ionization yegasi risina simba.
Mukana weChiedza:Inobuda nemhepo inopwanyika, ine simba guru rekubata magetsi (rinogona kudarika 100kA).

Rudzi 2 (Rudzi rweVoltage Rinoganhurira)

• Basa:

Inodzivirira kubva kumagetsi anokonzerwa nemheni uye ma voltages anochinja (8/20μs waveform).

Inoshandiswa mumapaneru ekugovera.

• Nheyo yekushanda:

Hunhu hweNonlinear impedance: 

Kana voltage yekuwedzera ikakwira, internal varistor (MOV) impedance inodonha zvakanyanya, ichisunga voltage kusvika padanho rakachengeteka (semuenzaniso, Up ≤ 1.5kV).

Kubuda kwemvura nguva dzose: 

MOV inogona kuburitsa mafungu ari pakati nepakati kakawanda (20–40kA), asi mafungu akakwira anogona kuderedza mashandiro ayo.

• Chikamu Chikuru:

Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV):Inoumbwa nezvidimbu zve zinc oxide (ZnO), mudziyo we semiconductor unonzwa voltage.

Rudzi rwechitatu (Kudzivirirwa Kwakasanganiswa kana Kudzivirirwa Kwakanaka)

• Basa

Mhinduro inokurumidza:Inoshandisa maTVS diode kana MOV+TVS musanganiswa ine nguva yekupindura ≤1ns.

Voltage yekubatisa yakaderera zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, Kukwira ≤ 0.8kV), ichivimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwemidziyo inobatwa nenjodzi.

Chikamu chikuru:

Diode yeTransient Voltage Suppression (TVS):Inoshandisa simba rePN junction avalanche effect kuti iite mhinduro inokurumidza zvikuru asi ine simba shoma rekubata magetsi (

Kusarudza mudziyo unodzivirira kukwira kwemvura (SPD) wakakodzera kwakakosha. Ungasarudza sei mumwe wemikana yakasiyana?

1.Tsanangura Zvinodiwa zveDziviriro

1.1 Ziva Manyuko Ekuwedzera

Kurova kwemheni zvakananga (semuenzaniso, kurohwa kwechivako):  Inoda Type 1 SPD (10/350μs waveform).

Mheni inokonzerwa kana kuti ma voltage anochinja (semuenzaniso, kuchinja kwegrid, kutanga/kudzima kwemidziyo): Inoda Type 2 kana Type 3 SPD (8/20μs waveform).

1.2 Sarudza Nzvimbo Dzekudzivirira (LPZ)

LPZ0 → LPZ1 zone (semuenzaniso, simba guru rinopinda):

 Rudzi 1 kana Rudzi 1+2 hybrid SPD.

LPZ1 → LPZ2 zone (semuenzaniso, pasi rekugovera zvinhu):

Rudzi rwechipiri rweSPD.

LPZ2 → LPZ3 zone (semuenzaniso, kumberi kwemidziyo):

Rudzi rwechitatu kana kuti kunyatsoita SPD.

2.Sarudzo yeParamende yeKiyi

2.1Voltage Inoshanda Inoenderera Mberi (Uc)

2.1.1 Inofanira kunge yakakwira kupfuura voltage yakayerwa yesystem (semuenzaniso, kune system ye385V, sarudza Uc ≥ 385V).

2.2.2 Funga nezvekuchinja-chinja kwegrid (±10~20%).

2.2Dhiviriro Yemagetsi (Kukwira)

2.2.1 Lower Up inopa dziviriro iri nani asi inofanira kuenderana nemagetsi anodzivirira midziyo yakachengetedzwa.

2.2.2 Mutemo mukuru: Kukwira ≤ 80% yemagetsi anodzivirira michina (semuenzaniso, kana michina ichigona kubata 2.5kV, sarudza Kukwira ≤ 2.0kV).

2.3 Kugona Kubata Pari Zvino (In / Imax)

• Rudzi 1: Mu ≥ 12.5kA (10/350μs waveform).
• Rudzi rwechipiri: Panera guru rekugovera: Imax ≥ 40kA (8/20μs).

Panera rekugovera zvinhu: Imax ≥ 20kA (8/20μs).

• Rudzi rwechitatu: Mu ≥ 5kA (wave yemusanganiswa).

2.4 Nguva Yekupindura

MaSPD akajairwa: ≤25ns.

Kuti muwane michina yakanyatsogadzirwa, sarudzai nzira dzinokurumidza (semuenzaniso, maTVS diode, ≤1ns).

3.Kusarudzwa Nekushandisa Mamiriro Ezvinhu

3.1Masisitimu Ekupa Simba

3.1.1 Panera Guru Rekugovera: Rudzi rwe1+2 hybrid SPD (semuenzaniso, Imax = 100kA, Kukwira ≤ 2.5kV).

3.1.2 Sub-Distribution Panel: Type 2 SPD (semuenzaniso, Imax = 40kA, Kukwira ≤ 1.8kV).

3.1.3 Mugumo weMidziyo: Rudzi rwechitatu kana SPD yakasungirirwa pasoketi (semuenzaniso, Kumusoro ≤ 1.2kV).

3.2 Mitsetse yeChiratidzo/Kutaurirana

3.2.1 Shandisa maSPD echiratidzo akagadzirirwa, marudzi ekubatanidza (semuenzaniso, RJ45, RS485).

Teererai mwero wekutumirwa kwedata uye kurasikirwa kwekuisa (kana muri kushandisa network yeGigabit, sarudzai modhi inoenderana ne high-frequency)

3.Masisitimu matatu ePV/DC

Sarudza maDC SPD ane voltage yepamusoro yeUc ≥ 1.2 × system.