Maitiro Ekusarudza Nemazvo Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Kukwira (SPD)

Maitiro Ekusarudza Nemazvo Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Kukwira (SPD)

I. Maitiro Ekusarudza Pakati Pezvinhu Zvikuru

1. Sarudza Rudzi rweSPD Zvichienderana neNhanho yeDziviriro

• Kirasi I SPD (Test Type 1): Yakaiswa pamusuwo mukuru wepaneru yekugovera kuti ikwanise kutsungirira kurohwa kwemheni zvakananga kana kunokonzerwa (discharge current ≥12.5kA, inokurudzirwa 25kA~100kA). Shandisa mahybrid SPD (GDT + MOV combination) asina follow current uye voltage yakaderera.
• Kirasi II SPD (Test Type 2): Inoshandiswa mumapaneru ekugovera kana makamuri emidziyo kuderedza kukwira kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa (discharge current 20kA~40kA). MaMOV anoganhurira magetsi ane voltage yakasara ≤1.5kV akajairika.
• Kirasi III SPD (Kuedza kweRudzi rwechitatu): Yakaiswa pedyo nemidziyo yemagetsi (semuenzaniso, maseva, maswichi) kudzivirira michina inonzwisisika (discharge current 10kA~20kA), ine voltage yakasara ≤1.2kV.

2. Match System Parameters

• Voltage Inoshanda Inoenderera Mberi (Uc): Inofanira kunge iri ≥1.15 kanopfuura voltage yesystem (semuenzaniso, sarudza Uc ≥440V yesystem ye380V) kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwenhema nekuda kwekuchinja-chinja kwevoltage.
   
• Dhiviriro yeVoltage (Kukwira): Kirasi I SPD: Kukwira ≤2.5kV
  Kirasi II SPD: Kukwira ≤1.5kV
  Kirasi III SPD: Kukwira ≤1.2kV Iva nechokwadi chekuti ≤80% yemagetsi anodzivirira midziyo.
     
• Nguva Yekupindura:
  Kirasi I SPD: ≤25ns
  Kirasi II SPD: ≤25ns
  SPD yekirasi yechitatu: ≤1ns

3. Zvinodiwa pakuisa pasi uye kuisa

• Kuramba Kugayiwa: ≤4Ω (≤10Ω munzvimbo dzine simba guru rekudzivirira ivhu), ine chikamu chepasi chinotenderedza ≥25mm².
• Nzvimbo yekuisa: Isa pamberi pekuva pedyo nemidziyo yakachengetedzwa, uchideredza kureba kwemutobvu (hurefu hwese hwemutobvu ≤0.5m) kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemagetsi anokonzerwa.

II. Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvekufunga nezvazvo
1. Sarudzo yeRudzi rweSPD

• Kuchinja-Voltage SPD (GDT): Kubuda kwemagetsi kwakakwira (≥100kA) asi njodzi dzinotevera kukanganiswa kwemagetsi nemagetsi; yakakodzera chete kudzivirira Class I.
• SPD Inoganhurira Voltage (MOV): Voltage yakaderera asi inokurumidza kukwegura; inoda kutariswa nguva nenguva.
• Hybrid SPD: Inosanganisa zvakanakira zvekuchinja uye mhando dzinoganhurira; inokurudzirwa kune masisitimu ekudzivirira ane matanho akawanda.

2. Kurongeka Kwepakati Pezvikamu

• Nzvimbo diki pakati peSPD dzepamusoro nedzepasi: ≥10m (kuchinja + kuganhurira) kana ≥5m (kuganhurira + kuganhurira); kana zvisina kudaro, isa zvishandiso zvekuganhurira.
• Fomura yekubatanidza simba: SPD yepamusoro inotora 80% yesimba, SPD yakaderera inotora 20%.

3. Dziviriro Yekuchengetedza

• Ma "circuit breakers" kana ma "fuse" akabatana ne "series" (akaenzana ne "current" ≥1.5 times SPD continuous current) kudzivirira "short-circuit escalation".
• Sarudza maSPD ane zviratidzo zvekuora kwemagetsi kuti adzime otomatiki uye alarm kana yakundikana.

4. Zvinodiwa Pamamiriro Ezvinhu Akakosha

• Sisitimu yeTN-C: Shandisa 3+NPE kana 3P+N mode kudzivirira njodzi dzekuti PEN line idzoke patsva.
• Sisitimu yeTT: Isa SPD pakati pemitsara yeN nePE kudzivirira kudzoka kwemusiyano.

III. Kuedzwa kwekusimbisa dhizaini
1. Kuedza kweMheni: Simbisa kugona kweSPD kutsungirira pasi pe10/350μs waveform (Kirasi I) kana residual voltage pasi pe8/20μs waveform (Kirasi II/III).
2. Kuedza Kugadzikana Kwekupisa: Kuyerera kwemagetsi kunoenderera mberi kwemaawa maviri (50% yeImax), kutarisa kukwira kwekupisa ≤60K.
3. Kutarisa Kuora Kwemhepo: Shandisa masensa akavakirwa mukati kuti utarise kubuda kwemvura (kukosha kwakajairika

IV. Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika uye Mhinduro  

Chikanganiso 1: Kuregeredza rudzi rwekugadzika kwesystem, zvichikonzera kutadza kweSPD.
Mhinduro: Kune masisitimu eTN, sarudza 3P+N; kune masisitimu eTT, sarudza 3P+PE; kune masisitimu eIT, sarudza 3P.
Chikanganiso chechipiri: Kusakwana kweSPD space, zvichikonzera kupindirana pakati pezvikamu.
Mhinduro: Chengetedza ≥10m pakati peSPD dzepamusoro/dzepasi kana kuisa ma dracoupling inductors (≥1mH).
Chikanganiso 3: Kuregeredza dziviriro yekutsigira, zvichikonzera njodzi yekupfurwa mushure mekupfupika kwesimba reSPD.
Mhinduro: Mafuyusi akabatana neseji (akaenzana neazvino ≥1.5 times SPD continuous current).

Pfupiso  
Kusarudzwa kweSPD kunoda kuongororwa kwakazara kwesimba remagetsi, njodzi yemheni, kugona kwemidziyo kutsungirira, uye nzvimbo yekuisa. Class I SPDs dzinokoshesa kugona kwekuburitsa magetsi, ukuwo Class II/III dzichinyanya kutarisa pakudzora simba remagetsi rinosara. Signal SPDs dzinofanira kuenderana nemhando dzeinterface. Kuongororwa nguva dzose (semuenzaniso, kudonha kwemagetsi, kukwegura kwemuviri) kunoita kuti dziviriro ishande kwenguva refu.