Zvishandiso zvekudzivirira mheni mukati uye zvekushandisa pakuvhiya: Musiyano chii?

1. Hukama huripo pakati pekuchengetedzwa kwemheni mukati uye Kudzivirirwa kweKukwira

Dziviriro yeMheni Yemukati (LPS Yemukati):

Ichi chikamu chesystem yekudzivirira mheni. Inosanganisira equipotential bonding yemheni uye/kana yemagetsi yakaparadzaniswa nesystem yekudzivirira mheni yekunze.

Matanho ekudzivirira kukwira kweropa (SPM):

Aya matanho anotorwa kudzivirira masisitimu emukati kubva kumagetsi emagetsi (LEMP). SPM chikamuwo chesisitimu yekudzivirira mheni.

Sekureva kweMufananidzo 1 muGB/T 21714.1, dziviriro yakakwana yemheni inosanganisira Lightning Protection System (LPS) uye Surge Protection Measures (SPM). Dziviriro yemheni (SPM) inofukidzwa muGB/T 21714.4, nepo dziviriro yemheni yemukati iri chikamu cheLPS (inosanganisira zvikamu zvekunze nezvemukati), uye inotsanangurwa muGB/T 21714.3.

Mufananidzo 1 - Hukama Pakati Pezvikamu zveGB/T 21714

2. Kwakabva Dziviriro yeMheni yeMukati uye Kudzivirirwa kweKukwira

2.1 IEC 1024-1:1990

MuIEC 1024-1:1990, "Kudzivirirwa kwezvivakwa kubva kumheni - Chikamu 1: Nheyo dzakajairika", chikamu 1.2.7 chinotsanangura Dziviriro yeMheni yemukati sematanho ese ekuwedzera kunze kwesystem yekudzivirira mheni yekunze. Matanho aya anobatsira kuderedza mhedzisiro yemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi ari munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa. Saka, zvinoenderana neIEC 1024-1:1990, LPS yemukati inosanganisira zvese zvisiri LPS yekunze - iyo inofukidzawo dziviriro kubva kuma electromagnetic pulses (LEMP).

2.2 IEC 62305-1:2006

Pakazosvika nguva yeIEC 62305-1:2006, "Dziviriro kubva kuMheni - Chikamu 1: Misimboti Yakajairika" (chinyorwa chekutanga), tsananguro dzakava dzakananga:

3.42 Sisitimu Yekudzivirira Mheni Yemukati (LPS): Chikamu cheLPS chine kubatana kwemagetsi uye/kana kupatsanurwa kwemagetsi kubva kuLPS yekunze. 3.49 Sisitimu Yekuyera LEMP Protection (LPMS): Sisitimu yakazara yezviyero zvekudzivirira masisitimu emukati kubva kuma electromagnetic pulses emagetsi emagetsi (LEMP).

Nhevedzano yeIEC 62305-1 kusvika 4:2006 yakatsiva mitemo yekare, ichibatanidza magwaro akati wandei eIEC TC81. Yakapatsanura tsananguro yekare yemukati meLPS kubva kuIEC 1024 kuita zvikamu zviviri: internal LPS neLPMS (yekudzivirira LEMP). MuIEC 62305-1:2024, LPMS yakatumidzwa zita repamutemo kuita Surge Protection Measures (SPM).

Matanho matatu ekudzivirira mheni mukati

Kudzivirira mheni mukati kwakakosha kuti pave nehurongwa hwekudzivirira mheni hunoshanda zvakanaka. Kana pasina dziviriro yemukati, mheni dzinoyerera nepaLPS yekunze kana zvimwe zvikamu zvinofambisa mhepo muchivako zvinogona kukonzera manyemwe ane njodzi. Manyemwe aya anogona kukonzera moto, kukuvara kwemunhu, kana kukuvara kwezvivakwa. Kunze kwekusiyana kwedaro rekuparadzanisa, dziviriro yemukati yakafanana pamatanho ese ekudzivirira mheni. Manyemwe anogona kuitika pakati peLPS yekunze nezvikamu zvinotevera: Kuiswa kwesimbi, masisitimu emukati mechivako, zvikamu zvinofambisa mhepo zvekunze kana mapaipi akabatana nechivako chakachengetedzwa.

Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, marasha anoitika munzvimbo dzinogona kuputika dzechivako anogara achionekwa seane njodzi. Kuti pasave nemarasha, imwe yenzira dzinotevera inofanira kushandiswa: Equipotential bonding, kana; Electrical insulation pakati pezvikamu zvesimbi.

Zviyero zvekubatanidza zvemagetsi (ona Mufananidzo 2) zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

Makondirakita ekubatanidza, anoshandiswa kana kubatana kwechisikigo kusingape kuenderera mberi kwemagetsi, semuenzaniso, nekubatanidza zvakananga kumapombi emvura kana ekudziya;

Zvishandiso Zvinodzivirira zveSurge (SPD), zvinoshandiswa kana kubatana zvakananga kusingagoneke, semuenzaniso, pamitsetse ine voltage shoma; uye

Mapombi eIsolated Spark Gaps (ISG), anoshandiswa kana ma bonding conductors asingatenderwe, semuenzaniso, pamapombi ekudzivirira cathodic kana mapombi egasi.

Mufananidzo 2

Kubatanidza michina yemagetsi dziviriro yemheni ine hunhu hunotevera hwakavakirwa pamhando dzakasiyana dzeLPS dzekunze:

LPS Yakaparadzaniswa: Kubatanidza kunongoitwa pasi chete;

LPS Yakabatanidzwa: Kubatanidza kunofanirwa kuitwa pa:

（1）Pasi pevhu kana pasi, uye;

（2）Chero nzvimbo isina daro rinodiwa rekuputira kana rekuparadzanisa.

LPS inodzivirirwa nemagetsi: Kuwedzera pakusungana kwepasi, kusungana kunogonawo kuitwa pamasisitimu ekumisa mhepo kana maconductor epasi.

4 Matanho ekudzivirira kukwira kweropa

SPM yekutanga inosanganisira zvikamu zvinotevera:

(1) Network yekubatanidza ivhu nekugadzira ivhu

Sisitimu yevhu inofambisa uye inobvisa mheni ichipinda muvhu zvakachengeteka.

Network yekubatanidza inoderedza misiyano inogona kuitika uye inoderedza mhedzisiro yesimba remagineti.

(2) Kudzivirira magineti uye waya dzakakodzera

Kudzivirira nzvimbo kunoderedza simba remagineti mukati meLPZ rinokonzerwa nekurova kwemheni zvakananga kana kurova pedyo nechivako, uye kunobatsira kuderedza kukwira kwemhepo mukati.

Kudzivirira tambo dzemukati netambo dzakadzivirirwa kana kuti mapombi emvura kunoderedza kukwira kunokonzerwa nemhepo.

Kurongeka zvakanaka kwewaya dzemukati kunobatsira kuderedza marobho ekudzikisa marobho emukati uye kuderedza mafungu emukati. Kudzivirira mitsetse yekunze panzvimbo yekupinda muchivako kunoderedzawo mafungu anopinda mumasisitimu emukati.

(3) Sisitimu yeSPD yakarongeka

Sisitimu yeSPD yakarongeka inoderedza kukanganiswa kwemasimba ekunze neemukati.

(4) Nzvimbo dzekuparadzanisa

Ma interfaces ekuparadzanisa anoderedza mhedzisiro yekukwira kwemhepo pamitsetse inopinda muLPZ.

Kubatanidzwa kwevhu ne equipotential kunofanirwa kugara kuchionekwa, kunyanya panzvimbo dzekupinda muchivako - kungave nekubatanidza zvakananga kana nekubatanidza sevhisi yega yega yekufambisa magetsi kuSPD sechikamu che equipotential bonding.

(5) Kushandiswa kweMasisitimu Ekunyevera Nemvura Inonaya (TWS)

Chikamu 7.1 cheIEC 62305-1:2024 chinotaura kuti kushandisa TWS zvichienderana neIEC 62793 kunogona kushanda senzira yekudzivirira nekudzima masevhisi ekunze, zvichibatsira kuderedza kuwanda kwekukuvadzwa kwemasisitimu emagetsi neemagetsi.

5 Mhedziso

Matanho emukati mesystem anovavarira kudzivirira njodzi yekupfuta kwemoto, kusanganisira kubatana kwemheni neSPD yedanho rekutanga. Dziviriro yekupfuta inonyanya kugadzirisa kupfuta kunokanganisa masisitimu emukati, uye maSPD anoshandiswa pachinangwa ichi anofanira kurongeka neSPD yedanho rekutanga, asi kwete danho rekutanga. SPD pachayo.