MaParamende Akakosha uye zviyero zvekuyedza zveSurge Protective Devices (SPDs)

Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Kukwira (SPD): Mudziyo unoshandiswa kuderedza ma voltage anodarika nguva uye kutsausa ma surge currents. Ma SPD anonyanya kushandiswa muma low-voltage distribution systems uye information systems kudzivirira kubva kuma lightning overvoltages, switching overvoltages, lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP), uye electromagnetic interference (EMI) pulses. Kuti pave ne high-voltage side protection kubva kuma overvoltages akadaro, surge arresters dzinoshandiswa panzvimbo pezvo.

I. Zvikamu Zvikuru zveZvishandiso Zvinodzivirira Kukwira (SPDs)

1. Voltage Inoshanda Inoenderera Mberi (Uc): Voltage yepamusoro ye root-mean-square (RMS) kana DC inogona kushandiswa nguva dzose kune SPD's protection mode. Iyi ndiyo voltage yakayerwa yeSPD. Kukosha kweUc kunokanganisa hupenyu hweSPD uye huwandu hwayo hwekudzivirira voltage. Kusarudza kukosha kwakakwira kweUc kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa rechigadzirwa asi kuchawedzerawo voltage yakasara, izvo zvinokanganisa michina yakachengetedzwa.

2. Kubuda Kwezita Razvino (Mukati): Kupenya kwemhepo kwe8/20μs current wave iyo SPD inogona kutsungirira. Iyi parameter inoshandiswa pakuyedzwa kweClass II uye inoshandawo senzira yekugadzikisa bvunzo dzeClass I neII. Mitemo yeSPD inotsanangura nhevedzano yeIn values, uye vagadziri vanosarudza In level yakakodzera yekuyedza. Kana SPD yapasa bvunzo, In value yayo inosarudzwa zviri pamutemo sedanho rakasarudzwa.

3. Kubuda Kwemagetsi Kwakanyanya (Imax) muMiedzo yeKirasi II: Kupenya kwemhepo kwe8/20μs current wave iyo SPD inogona kubata. Kunyange hazvo tsananguro yacho yakafanana neIn, zviyero zveSPD zvinopa series dzakasiyana dzeIn neImax, neImax > In yekirasi imwe chete. Kupasa bvunzo paIn level yakatarwa hazvirevi kuti SPD ichapasa paImax level inoenderana, sezvo mamiriro ebvunzo (hukuru hwazvino nehuwandu hwema impulses) achisiyana.

4. Mhepo Inovhuvhuta (Iimp): Kugona kweSPD kutsungirira wave yemagetsi ye10/350μs, inoratidzwa nemaparamita maviri: peak current (Ipeak) uye charge (Q). Paramita iyi inoshandiswa pakuyedzwa kweClass I.

5. Dhiviriro Yemagetsi (Kukwira): Inozivikanwawo seresidual voltage, izvi zvinoreva voltage iri pamusoro peSPD kana waveform yakatarwa ye peak current ichipfuura nepakati payo mushure mekushanda. Kukwira kunofanira kunge kwakaderera pane voltage inomira yemidziyo yakachengetedzwa. GB50343-2012 *Technical Code yekudzivirira Mheni yekuvaka Electronic Information Systems* inotsanangura mazinga emagetsi anomira e impulse kune matanho akasiyana e low-voltage distribution systems. Voltage inomira ye impulse (Uw) yemidziyo, inopihwa nemugadziri, inoratidza kugona kwayo kudzivirira overvoltages. Saka, kusarudzwa kweSPD kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti Up

II. Miedzo Yakakodzera yeZvishandiso Zvinodzivirira Kukwira (SPDs)

Zvikamu zviri pamusoro apa zvinotaura bvunzo dzeKirasi I neKirasi II. Pazasi pane nzira dzebvunzo:
1. Bvunzo reKirasi I: Inoitwa uchishandisa nominal discharge current (In), 1.2/50μs voltage impulse, uye maximum impulse current Iimp (10/350μs lightning current wave). Kana chaji ikapfuudzwa mukati me10 ms iri Q, peak current Ipeak = 0.5Q.
2. Bvunzo reKirasi II: Inoitwa uchishandisa nominal discharge current (In), 1.2/50μs voltage impulse, uye maximum discharge current Imax (8/20μs current wave).
3. Bvunzo reKirasi III: Inoitwa uchishandisa mafungu akasanganiswa, anotsanangurwa se 1.2/50μs open-circuit voltage (Uoc) uye 8/20μs short-circuit current (Isc) inogadzirwa ne 2Ω combination wave generator.

Mapoka aya ekuyedza haasi ehurongwa hwepamusoro saka haagone kuenzaniswa zvakananga. Vagadziri vanogona kusarudza chero kirasi yekuyedza kuti vasimbise. Zvisinei, mukugadzira magetsi ekuvaka, kusarudzwa kweSPDs dzakaedzwa pasi peClass I kana Class II kunofanirwa kutevedzera zvinotevera:

IEC 61024: Inosanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kubva pakurohwa nemheni muzvivakwa, zvichisanganisira kusarudzwa kwemazinga ekudzivirira system yekudzivirira mheni (LPS).

IEC 61312: Inotarisa dziviriro kubva kumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi (LEMP), kusanganisira zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira kuvaka, kudzika, uye kubatana kwemagetsi.

IEC 62305: Inopa gwara rekugadzira masisitimu ekudzivirira mheni, ichibatanidza misimboti yakajairika uye zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira mheni.