Sarudzo yeZvishandiso zveKudzivirira Kukwira kwePV Systems - Kuiswa kweSPDs
1. Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kuiswa kweSPD
Kukwira kwemagetsi mumasisitimu e photovoltaic (PV) epadenga kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekurovera kwemheni zvakananga (pachivako kana pedyo nemidziyo yePV ine LPS), voltage inokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemagetsi ane chekuita nemheni, kana kuchinja mashandiro mumanetwork ekugovera magetsi eAC/DC. Kuti uongorore kudiwa kwekudzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi uye kuona nzira yakakodzera yekudzivirira, voltage inomira ye impulse (Uw) yemidziyo inofanira kushandiswa sereferensi. Kunze kwekunge zvataurwa neimwe nzira nekuongorora njodzi, maSPD anofanira kuiswa kumativi ese eDC neAC ePV system.
Midziyo iri mukati mePV system ingangoda dziviriro inosanganisira:
MaInverters, anosanganisira ma interfaces kune ese ari maviri low-voltage AC system uye DC system, maPV arrays, internal PV system wiring, zvikamu zvakaiswa pakati peinverter nePV arrays, zvakaita sema combiner boxes; michina inoshandiswa pakutarisa nekudzora PV system.
Sekureva kweIEC 61643-12 nezvikamu zvine chekuita neGB/T 21714, kusarudzwa nekuiswa kweSPDs dzemaPV system kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda. Izvi zvinosanganisira ground flash density (NG) [1/km²·gore] kana avhareji yemazuva ekunaya kwemvura pagore (T), hunhu hwe low-voltage power supply system (semuenzaniso, overhead lines kana underground cables) uye rudzi rwemidziyo iri kudzivirirwa, kana External Lightning Protection System (LPS) yakaiswa kuchengetedza PV system kubva pakurohwa nemheni zvakananga.
Kana paine LPS yekunze, zvinodiwa neSPD zvinokanganiswa nedanho rekudzivirira (Kirasi) yeLPS uye kana daro rekuparadzanisa (S) rinodiwa pakati peLPS nePV system richichengetwa (rinoslegated vs. non-isolated LPS).
2. Kupesvedzera kweMagadzirirwo Akasiyana eLPS Ekunze paKudzivirirwa kweMheni kune Masisitimu ePV
Kuiswa kweSPD kwema PV systems epadenga kunowanzoiswa muzvikamu zvitatu, zvichienderana nekuvapo uye rudzi rwe LPS yekunze:
(1) Masisitimu ePV Asina LPS Yekunze
Sezvakaratidzwa padhayagiramu (hazvina kuverengerwa pano), kana chivako chisina sisitimu yekudzivirira mheni yekunze, maSPD anofanira kuiswa zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekuongorora njodzi yemheni. Zvinokurudzirwa kuisa michina yekudzivirira kukwira kwemvura kumativi ese eAC neDC kudzivirira zvikamu zvakakosha zvePV.
Kudivi reDC, Type 2 DC SPD (yakanyorwa seDC1) inofanira kuiswa pedyo nebhokisi rePV combiner kana PV array (kana pasina bhokisi recombiner rinoshandiswa). SPD iyi inodzivirira chivakwa kubva kuma surges ekunze anotumirwa kuburikidza netambo dzePV uye inowanzoiswa mushure mekunge tambo dzePV dzapinda muchivako. Imwe Type 2 DC SPD (yakanyorwa seDC2) inofanira kuiswa pedyo neDC input ye inverter. Kana kureba kwetambo pakati peDC1 ne inverter kuri pasi pemamita gumi, DC1 inogona kusiiwa.
Kune divi reAC, Type 2 AC SPD (inodanwa seAC1) inokurudzirwa paAC mains input, inowanzo kuwanikwa pa main distribution panel. Mudziyo uyu unodzivirira kubva kuma surges anobva pa utility grid. Kana AC1 ichidiwa mu system isina external mheni dziviriro zvinoenderana nemigumisiro yekuongororwa kwengozi yemheni. Kuti udzivirire inverter inodhura, Type 2 AC SPD (inodanwa seAC2) inowanzoiswa pedyo neAC output ye inverter. Kana kureba kwetambo pakati peAC1 neAC2 kuri pasi pe10 metres, AC2 inogona kusiiwa. Ndapota tarisa tafura yekugadzirisa kuti uwane nhungamiro yakadzama.
(2) Masisitimu ePV ane LPS yekunze inosangana nedaro rinodiwa rekupatsanurwa (LPS yakaparadzaniswa)
Sezvakaratidzwa mudhayagiramu, kana chivako chiine sisitimu yekudzivirira mheni yekunze (senge tsvimbo dzinodzima mhepo kana matepi) uye denga rePV rakadzivirirwa nesisitimu iyi nekureba kwakakodzera kwekuparadzanisa, sisitimu yePV inoonekwa seine LPS yakaparadzana. Kunyangwe muchiitiko ichi, kuisa maSPD kuchiri kudiwa.
Kune masisitimu ane LPS yakaparadzana, SPD setup yakafanana nemasisitimu asina dziviriro yekunze yemheni. Type 2 DC SPD inofanira kuiswa pedyo nebhokisi rekubatanidza, kana pedyo nePV array kana pasina bhokisi rekubatanidza rinoshandiswa. Imwe Type 2 DC SPD inofanira kuiswa pedyo neDC side ye inverter, uye Type 2 AC SPD pedyo neAC side ye inverter. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekuti PV system inobatanidza mukati nekubuda muchivako, Type 1 AC SPD inodiwawo pabhodhi guru rekugovera AC uko simba rekushandisa rinopinda muchivako. Tarisa tafura yekugadzirisa kuti uwane gwara rakadzama remarongerwo.
(3) Masisitimu ePV ane LPS yekunze isingasvike kure kwainodiwa (Non-Isolated LPS)
Muma PV system epadenga apo mapaneru ari pedyo zvakanyanya ne external lightning protection system (LPS) uye asingakwanise kusvika padanho rekuchengetedza rinodiwa, zvikamu zvese zvesimbi zve PV system zvinofanirwa kubatanidzwa kuLPS kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti mheni inokwana. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakajairika inoshandiswa pakudzivirira mheni padenga. Mugadziriro iyi, tambo dze AC neDC dzinobatwa sema parallel conductors mu bonding system, zvinoreva kuti dzinogona kukanganiswa zvakananga ne lightning current. Ndosaka IEC ichikurudzira kushandisa Type 1 surge protective devices (SPDs)—kazhinji pamwe chete ne Type 2 SPDs—panzvimbo dzinokosha mu system: apo tambo dzePV dzinopinda muchivako, uye pamativi ese e AC neDC emidziyo yakakosha senge inverter.
Sezvakaratidzwa padhayagiramu, DC1 inofanira kuiswa pedyo nebhokisi rekubatanidza, kana pedyo nePV array kana pasina bhokisi rekubatanidza. DC2 neAC2 zvinofanira kuiswa pedyo neinverter kuti zvidzivirire zviri nani. Kazhinji, AC1 (pamain panel) neAC2 (pedyo neinverter) zvese zvinodiwa. Asi kana inverter yakaiswa mukati memain panel uye vakagovana pasi rimwe chete, nehurefu hwetambo husingasviki kana hwakaenzana nemamita 0.5, saka AC2 ingasave yakakosha. Unogona kutarisa tafura kuti uwane gwara rakadzama rekuisa.
1：DC1 inogona kusiiwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu anotevera: Kana kureba kwetambo pakati peDC1 neinverter kuri pasi pemamita gumi, uye level yekudzivirira voltage (Up) yeAC2 iri pasi kana yakaenzana ne0.8 nguva iyo PV array's rated impulse inodzivirira voltage (Uw); kana kana Up yeAC2 iri pasi kana yakaenzana ne0.5 nguva yeUw uye PE (protective earth) conductor yakaendeswa pedyo netambo dzeDC.
2：AC2 inogona kusiiwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu anotevera: Kana kureba kwetambo pakati peAC1 neAC2 kuri pasi pemamita gumi; kana kana inverter nebhodhi guru rekugovera zvine electrode imwechete yekudzika, uye tambo dzekubatanidza dzeSPD imwe neimwe isingapfuure mamita 0.5—semuenzaniso, kana inverter yakaiswa mukati mepaneru guru.
3：Nzvimbo diki yekubatanidza madhaimani eSPD grounding: Kune maSDP erudzi rwechipiri, dhaimani yekuisa denga remhangura haifanire kunge iri pasi pe6 mm²; kune maSDP erudzi rwekutanga, haifanire kunge iri pasi pe16 mm².
Kusarudzwa kwemaSDD eDC-side muma PV system edenga kunonyanya kuenderana nekuti chivako chinodzivirirwa sei kubva kumheni uye kuti system yacho inowayiwa sei. Zvichienderana netafura yekumisikidza uye zviyero zveIEC, panofanira kugara paine chinodzivirira kusurge parutivi rweDC rwe inverter. Asi mamwe maSDD ari pedyo ne combiner box—kana pedyo nemaPV panels kana pasina combiner box—anongodiwa chete kana tambo iri pakati pemapaneru ne inverter yakareba kupfuura mamita gumi.
Zvisinei, izvi hazvisirizvo zvinoitwa kwese kwese. Mune dzimwe nyika—semuenzaniso kuGermany—mitemo yacho yakasiyana. Ikoko, dziviriro yeDC surge inogara yakaiswa padivi pePV panels, uye unongoda kuwedzera imwe chete pedyo neinverter kana tambo iri pamusoro pemamita gumi.