Ⅰ. Chii iyo kukwira kwemvura mudziyo wekudzivirira (SPDs)?

 

Mudziyo unodzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi (SPD) mudziyo wemagetsi unoshandiswa kudzivirira michina yemagetsi kubva pakukwira kwemagetsi kwenguva pfupi, senge kunokonzerwa nemheni, kuchinja kwegridi yemagetsi, kana kukwira kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemidziyo. Unovimbisa kushanda kwakasimba kwemidziyo yemagetsi, unorebesa hupenyu hwemidziyo, uye unoderedza njodzi yekukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemagetsi nekuderedza kukwira kwemagetsi kwenguva pfupi uye kutsausa mafungu emvura pasi.

 

Zvidziviriro zvemagetsi zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi, network dzekutaurirana, otomatiki yemaindasitiri, midziyo yemumba nedzimwe nzvimbo, uye chikamu chakakosha chekudzivirira kuchengetedzeka kwemagetsi.

 

1.1 Nheyo yekushanda yeMudziviriri weKuvhiya

 

Basa guru remudziviriri we surge nderekuona nekudzora overvoltage. Nheyo yaro inoshanda inonyanya kutsamira pane zvinotevera.

 

1.1.1 Kubatanidza magetsi

Kana voltage iri mudunhu ikapfuura chiyero chakatarwa, zvinhu zvisiri zvemutsara zviri mukati memudziviriri we surge (zvakadai sevaristors, machubhu ekuburitsa gasi kana ma diode e transient) zvinokurumidza kufamba, zvichideredza overvoltage mukati menzvimbo yakachengeteka.

 

1.1.2 Simba Kuburitswa

Chidziviriro chemhepo chinoendesa simba rinogadzirwa nemagetsi akawandisa kuburikidza nesystem yekudzika pasi muvhu, zvichiridzivirira kuti risapinde mumidziyo yakachengetedzwa.

 

1.1.3 Otomatiki kupora

Mamwe ma "surge protectors" anogona kudzokera kumabasa awo ega mushure me "surge" yacho, nepo mamwe achida kutsiviwa nemaoko kana kugadziriswa patsva.

 

1.2 Maitiro ku sarudza chidziviriro chekudzivirira kukwira kwemvura

Pakusarudza chidziviriro chakakodzera che surge, zvinhu zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo.

 

1.2.1 Voltage danho 

Voltage yakayerwa yemudziviriri we surge inofanira kuenzana nevoltage yesystem yakachengetedzwa, senge 220V AC system kana 48V DC system.

 

1.2.2 Zvazvino kugona (Mukati/Iimp)

 

Izvi zvinoratidza simba guru remvura rinokwira iro mudziyo unodzivirira mhepo unogona kumira, rinowanzo kuyerwa mu kA (thousand amperes), uye maSPD ane simba guru remvura anofanira kusarudzwa munzvimbo dzine mheni dzinoitika kakawanda.

 

1.2.3 Mhinduro nguva

  

Kana nguva yekupindura ipfupi, kudzivirira kunowedzera. MaSPD ane nguva yekupindura yemazinga epamusoro akakodzera michina yemagetsi yakanyatsogadzirwa.

 

1.2.4 Dziviriro maitiro

 

Sarudza nzira yekudzivirira ine chikamu chimwe chete, chikamu chechitatu kana kuti yakabatana (yakadai seLN, L-PE, N-PE, nezvimwewo) zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nesystem.

 

1.2.5 Kuiswa nzvimbo

  

Zvichienderana neIEC 61643 standard, ma surge protectors anogona kupatsanurwa seType 1 (gedhi rekuvaka), Type 2 (distributing box), uye Type 3 (end of equipment).

 

1.2.6 Chitupa mitemo

 

Sarudza zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa pasi rose (zvakaita seUL 1449, IEC 61643) kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvakachengeteka uye zvakavimbika.

 

1.3 Sei? ku isa chidziviriro chekuwedzera simba

 

Kuisa kwakarurama ndicho chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti chidziviriro che surge chishande zvakanaka:

 

1.3.1 Kuiswa nzvimbo:

 

- Type 1 SPD inofanira kuiswa mupanera huru yekugovera kana pamutsetse unouya wechivako kudzivirira kubva pakurohwa nemheni zvakananga kana mheni inokonzerwa.

- Type 2 SPD yakaiswa muchikamu chechipiri chekugovera kuti ipe dziviriro yechipiri.

- Type 3 SPD yakaiswa pedyo nemidziyo inonzwisisika yakaita semaseva nemidziyo yekutaurirana.

 

1.3.2 Nzira yekubatanidza waya:

 

Shandisa waya pfupi uye dzakakora pakubatanidza kuti uderedze kuvharwa kwesimbi.

Iva nechokwadi chekuti kuramba kwepasi kunoenderana nezvinodiwa (kazhinji ≤ 10Ω).

 

1.3.3 Kubatana kwakafanana uye kwakatevedzana:

 

- MaSPD mazhinji akaiswa pamwe chete, izvo zvisingakanganisi mashandiro akajairika edunhu.

- Mamwe maSPD akakosha (akadai serudzi rwekusefa) anogona kuiswa akatevedzana.

 

1.3.4 Kugadzirisa uye kutsiva:

 

- Gara uchitarisa mamiriro eSPD. Mamwe maSPD ane chiratidzo chehupenyu (semuenzaniso, hwindo dzvuku rinoratidza kutadza kushanda).

- Kunyangwe chitarisiko chacho chisina kukanganiswa mushure mekurwiswa kakawanda, chinofanira kutsiviwa.

 

Ⅱ. DC/AC dziviriro yekuputika

 

2.1 DC Kuwedzera Mudziviriri

 

2.1.1 Pfungwa yeDC Surge Protector

 

DC Surge Protector (DC SPD) yakagadzirirwa masisitimu emagetsi eDC uye inoshandiswa kuchengetedza michina inoshandisa DC yakaita se solar photovoltaic systems, nzvimbo dzekuchaja mota dzemagetsi, nzvimbo dzekutaurirana, uye nzvimbo dzedata kubva mukukuvadzwa ne surge. Sezvo magetsi eDC asina kuchinja nguva nenguva, dhizaini yekudzivirira surge yeDC inofanirwa kufunga nezve continuous voltage uye polarity factors.

 

2.1.2 Kushanda Nheyo yeDC Surge Protector

 

• Dhizaini inoenderana nePolarity: Polarity yevoltage yeDC system yakagadzika. SPD inofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti inogona kushanda nemazvo chete kana positive ne negative poles dzakabatana nemazvo.

• Kugona kugamira voltage nguva dzose: Kusiyana neAC SPD, DC SPD inoda kugara yakasimba kwenguva yakareba pasina kukanganisa.

• Tekinoroji yakakosha yekudzima arc: Magetsi eDC haana nzvimbo yekuyambuka, uye arc yakaoma kudzima. Nokudaro, DC SPD inofanira kushandisa mudziyo wakakosha wekudzima arc (wakaita semagnetic blowout arc-extinguishing).

 

2.1.3 Basa reDC Surge Protector

 

- Dzivirirai ma solar photovoltaic panels, ma inverter uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba kubva pakurohwa nemheni uye kukwira kwesimba re switching.

- Iva nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo dzekuchaja mota dzemagetsi dzinoshanda zvakanaka, zvichidzivirira kukuvadzwa kwemagetsi ane simba guru kuti asakuvadze sisitimu yekutarisira mabhatiri.

- Kuvimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwemagetsi eDC kune nzvimbo dzekutaurirana nenzvimbo dzedata, zvichideredza njodzi yekuti michina ishande.

 

2.2 AC Kuwedzera Mudziviriri

 

2.2.1 Pfungwa ye AC Surge Protector

 

AC Surge Protector (AC SPD) inoshandiswa kuchengetedza sisitimu yemagetsi eAC (senge dzimba, mafekitori, zvivakwa zvemabhizinesi, nezvimwewo) kubva mukukuvadzwa nemagetsi anoputika. Nekuda kwekuchinja-chinja kwemagetsi emagetsi eAC nguva nenguva, dhizaini yeSPD inofanirwa kuchinjika kufrequency (50Hz/60Hz) uye kuchinja kwechikamu.

 

2.2.2 Kushanda Nheyo yeAC Surge Protector

 

• Kugadziriswa kwePaseji: AC SPD inofanira kukwanisa kudzikamisa voltage zvinobudirira pamatanho ese.

• Kupindura Nokukurumidza: AC frequency yakakwira, saka nguva yekupindura yeSPD inofanira kunge iri pfupi zvikuru (nanosecond level).

• Kugadzirisa otomatiki: Mamwe ma AC SPD anogona kupora otomatiki mushure mechiitiko chekukwira kwesimba uye haadi kupindira nemaoko.

 

2.3 Maitiro ekuita Zvakarurama Sarudza DC kana AC Surge Protector

 

• Taura rudzi rwesisitimu: Kutanga sarudza kana iri sisitimu yeDC kana AC.

• Ongorora njodzi yekukwira kwemvura: Munzvimbo dzine mheni dzinorova kakawanda, sarudza dziviriro yepamusoro (yakadai semusanganiswa weType 1 neType 2).

• Zvinodiwa pakushandisa michina: Kuti mushandise michina yemagetsi chaiyo, sarudzai maSPD ane mhinduro inokurumidza.

• Bvunza nyanzvi: Kune masisitimu akaomarara (akadai semagetsi ehybrid), zvinokurudzirwa kuti mainjiniya agadzire hurongwa hwekudzivirira.

Ⅲ. Mhedziso

Zvidziviriro zvemagetsi zvinodzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi zvishandiso zvakakosha pakuona kuchengetedzeka kwemasisitimu emagetsi. Kungave muDC kana AC applications, kusarudza SPD yakakodzera uye kuiisa nemazvo kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekukuvadzwa kwemidziyo. Nekuvandudzwa kwesimba idzva, mota dzemagetsi, uye magridi akangwara, kudiwa kwezvidziviriro zvemagetsi zvinodzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi zviri kuwedzera, nepo zvidziviriro zvemagetsi zvinodzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi emumba zvichiri hwaro hwemagetsi emaindasitiri neemumba. Kuburikidza nesarudzo yesainzi uye kuiswa kwakajairwa, zvidziviriro zvemagetsi zvinova "zvidziviriro zvemagetsi" zvakavimbika zvemasisitimu emagetsi.