Nhanganyaya

Mukuchinja kwechimiro chesimba pasi rose, masisitimu ekugadzira simba remagetsi ezuva (photovoltaic (solar), nekuda kwehunhu hwawo hwakachena, hunovandudzwa, uye hunoenderera mberi, ari kuva chikamu chakakosha chechikamu chitsva chesimba. Zvisinei, panguva yekushanda, masisitimu emagetsi anotarisana nekutyisidzirwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwemagetsi senge kurohwa nemheni, kushanduka kwegrid, uye kuburitswa kwemagetsi, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwemidziyo, kudzimwa kwesisitimu, uye kunyange mhedzisiro yakakomba senge moto. Vadziviriri vemagetsi (Surge Protective Device, SPD) sechikamu chikuru chekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi mumasisitimu emagetsi ezuva (photovoltaic systems) vanogona kudzvinyirira zvakanyanya ma overvoltages enguva pfupi uye ma surge currents, vachivimbisa kushanda kwakasimba kwesisitimu. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora zvakadzama basa guru, misimboti yehunyanzvi, zvinodiwa zvekusarudza, uye mafambiro emusika evadziviriri vemagetsi mu masisitimu emagetsi ezuva, kuitira kubatsira vashandi veindasitiri kunzwisisa kukosha kwavo zviri nani.

Ⅰ. Kutyisidzirwa Kwemagetsi Kunotarisana Nemagadzirirwo Emagetsi Ezuva Nezuva Uye Kukosha Kwekuchengetedzwa Kwemvura

1.1 Hunhu hwemamiriro emagetsi ehurongwa hwe photovoltaic

Masisitimu emagetsi anowanzoiswa panze uye anoiswa munzvimbo dzakaoma, zvichiita kuti ave panjodzi yekutyisidzirwa nemagetsi anotevera.

1.1.1 Kurova kweMheni

Kurova kwemheni zvakananga kana kurohwa kwemheni kwakakonzerwa kunogona kuburitsa mavoltage enguva pfupi zvakanyanya mu photovoltaic arrays, inverters, uye masisitimu ekuparadzira simba.

1.1.2 Kuchinja Kupfuura Mwero

Kuchinja grid, kuchinja mutoro, kana inverter start-stop zvinogona kukonzera overvoltage yekushanda.

1.1.3 Kubuda Kwemagetsi (ESD)

Munzvimbo dzakaoma, kuungana kwemagetsi kwakasimba kunogona kukanganisa michina yemagetsi.

1.1.4 Kuchinja-chinja kweGrid

Kukwira kamwe kamwe kwemagetsi, kudonha, kana kupindirana kwemagetsi kunogona kukanganisa kugadzikana kwesystem.

1.2 Njodzi Yakakonzerwa by Surge Currents kuenda kuPhotovoltaic Systems

Kana matanho ekudzivirira kukwira kwemvura asingashandiswe, system ye photovoltaic inogona kusangana nematambudziko anotevera:

- Kukuvadzwa kwemidziyo: Midziyo yemagetsi chaiyo yakaita sema inverter, ma controllers, uye masisitimu ekutarisa anogona kukanganiswa nekuputika kwemagetsi uye anogona kusashanda zvakanaka.

- Kuderera kwekushanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi: Kukanganiswa kwemagetsi nguva nenguva kunogona kukonzera kuvharwa kwemagetsi, zvichideredza huwandu hwemagetsi anowanikwa.

- Njodzi dzekuchengetedza: Kupisa kwakanyanya kwemagetsi kunogona kukonzera moto wemagetsi, zvichikonzera njodzi kuhupenyu hwevanhu nepfuma.

1.3 Chinhu Chikuru Basa yeVadziviriri veKukwira

Chinodzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi chinogona kukurumidza kuburitsa simba remagetsi rinobuda nekudzikamisa simba remagetsi rinobuda, zvichiita kuti zvikamu zvese zve photovoltaic system zvishande zvakanaka. Iyi ivimbiso yakakosha yekuvimbika uye hupenyu hwese hwe photovoltaic system.

Ⅱ. Kushanda Nheyo uye Kurongeka kweUnyanzvi hweVadziviriri veSurge

2.1 Yekutanga Kushanda Nheyo yeVadziviriri veKukwira

Basa guru reSPD nderekuona kuwanda kwemagetsi mukati menguva dze nanosecond uye kuchengetedza sisitimu kuburikidza nenzira dzinotevera

• Kubatanidza magetsi: Kushandisa zvinhu zvakaita sevaristors (MOV) nemachubhu ekuburitsa gas discharge (GDT) kuderedza overvoltage kusvika padanho rakachengeteka.

• Kuparadza simba: Kushandura simba remhepo rinopinda muvhu kuti risapinde mumidziyo.

• Kupora otomatiki: Mamwe maSPD anogona kudzokera otomatiki kumamiriro awo ekushanda mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

2.2 Zvehunyanzvi Zvimiro zveVadziviriri Vakakosha veKukwira kweMagadzirirwo ePhotovoltaic

Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemasisitimu e photovoltaic, SPD yemasisitimu aya inofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvinotevera:

- Kuramba magetsi akawanda: DC voltage ye photovoltaic array inogona kusvika pamusoro pe1000V, uye SPD inofanira kuenzaniswa ne high voltage level.

- Kukwanisa kukuru kwemagetsi: Kukwanisa kutsungirira simba rakawanda panguva yekurwiswa kwemheni kana mashort circuits.

- Voltage yakaderera: Inoita kuti michina yakachengetedzwa isakanganiswa nevoltage yakakwira zvakanyanya.

- Kusapindirana nemamiriro ekunze: Inokwanisa kuchinjika mumamiriro ekunze akaoma akadai sekupisa kwakanyanya uye kwakaderera, uye mwaranzi ye ultraviolet.

2.3 Kupatsanura yeVadziviriri veKukwira

Zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekushandisa uye basa rayo, photovoltaic SPD inogona kupatsanurwa se:

• DC side SPD: Inoshandiswa pakati pe photovoltaic module ne inverter, kudzivirira kubva ku DC side surges.

• AC side SPD: Inoshandiswa pamucheto we output we inverter, kudzivirira kubva pakukwira kubva ku grid side.

• Signal SPD: Inoshandiswa kudzivirira mheni pakuwana data uye kutaurirana.

Ⅲ. Sarudzo uye Nhungamiro dzeKuisa kweVadziviriri veKukwira kwePhotovoltaic

3.1 Kiyi Maparamita yeSarudzo

• Voltage yepamusoro inoshanda nguva dzose (Uc): Inofanira kunge yakakwira kupfuura voltage yepamusoro inoshanda yesystem.

• Nominal discharge current (In): Inoratidza kugona kweSPD kushivirira mafungu. Kazhinji, kukosha kuri pamusoro pe20kA kunokurudzirwa.

• Dziviriro yevoltage (Kukwira): Kana voltage yasara yakaderera, dziviriro yacho inowedzerawo kunaka.

• Chiyero chekudzivirira IP: Kuti iiswe panze, inofanira kusvika IP65 kana kupfuura.

3.2 Kuiswa Magadzirirwo

- Kuiswa kweDC side: Iri pedyo ne photovoltaic array uye inverter kuderedza line inductive surges.

- Zvinodiwa pakuisa pasi: Iva nechokwadi chekuti pasi rinoisa pasi risina kupindira zvakanyanya kuti riwedzere kushanda zvakanaka kwekupararira kwemagetsi.

- Dziviriro yakakandwa: Shandisa maSPD akawanda (akadai seClass I + Class II) kuti uwane dziviriro yakakwana.

Ⅳ.Pasi rose Zuva Maitiro eMusika weDziviriro yeKukwira

4.1 Kutyaira Zvinhu Zvinokonzera yekukura kweKudiwa kweMusika

- Kugona kwakaiswa kwesimba remagetsi ezuva nezuva kuri kuramba kuchikwira (zvinotarisirwa kuti kugona kwakaiswa kwesimba remagetsi ezuva nezuva kuchapfuura 3000 GW panosvika 2030).

- Mitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi yenyika dzakasiyana-siyana iri kuramba ichioma (semitemo yakaita seIEC 61643 neUL 1449).

- Varidzi vakawedzera kutarisisa kuvimbika uye hupenyu hwehurongwa hwacho.

4.2 Unyanzvi hutsva Kutungamira muTekinoroji

- SPD ine njere: Basa rekutarisa rakabatana, rinokwanisa kuratidza alarm iri kure uye kuongorora zvikanganiso.

- Dhizaini yemodular: Inobatsira kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa.

- Kuchinjika pakupisa kwakafara: Kukwanisa kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa.

Ⅴ. Mhedziso

Zvidziviriro zvemagetsi zvinodzivirira mafungu ndiwo vimbiso huru yekushanda kwakachengeteka uye kwakasimba kwemasisitimu emagetsi ezuva nezuva. Kusarudzwa kwawo, kuiswa kwawo, uye kugadziriswa kwawo kunokanganisa zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka kwemagetsi uye hupenyu hwesisitimu. Nekukura nekukurumidza kweindasitiri yemagetsi ezuva nezuva, maSPD anoshanda zvakanyanya uye akangwara achava makuru mumusika. Makambani anofanirwa kusimbisa kutsvagisa kwetekinoroji nekuvandudzwa uye kupa zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa pasi rose kuti zvisangane nekudiwa kuri kukura kwekuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi mumusika wemagetsi ezuva nezuva.