Nhanganyaya

Muna 2024, kurasikirwa kwakananga kwehupfumi kwakakonzerwa nekurohwa nemheni pasi rose kwakasvika mabhiriyoni mana nemazana manomwe emadhora ekuAmerica, neinenge 60% yekurasikirwa uku kwakakonzerwa nekudzivirirwa kusina kukwana kwemasisitimu emagetsi. Semudziyo unokosha wekudzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi, mhando yekuiswa kwemidziyo yekudzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi (SPDs) inosarudza zvakananga kuvimbika kwesisitimu yese yemagetsi. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora zvakavanzika zvekuiswa kweiyi "power guardian", ichikutungamira kuburikidza nemhinduro yakazara kubva pamisimboti kusvika pakushandiswa kunoshanda.

Ⅰ. Kunzwisisa ""Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Kukwira (SPDs)"

Munzvimbo yedata muDubai, boka remasevha aikosha mamiriyoni maviri emadhora ekuAmerica akakuvara nekuda kwemvura ine simba nekuti akanga asina maSPD. Nyaya iyi chaiyo inoratidza nzvimbo huru yekudzivirira mafungu mumasisitimu emagetsi emazuva ano.

1.1 Chii chinonzi surge protector?

SPD inonyanya kuve "vharuvhu yemagetsi ine hungwaru". Kana ikaona voltage yakakwira zvisina kujairika, inogona kugadzira nzira yekuburitsa magetsi mukati menguva yemasekondi mashoma (kanopfuura kakapetwa miriyoni kupfuura kupenya kwemunhu). Kusiyana nemacircuit breakers akajairwa, yakagadzirirwa kubata voltage inokurumidza kwenguva pfupi (microsecond-level) asi ine simba guru.

1.2 Zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru zvinofanira kudzivirirwa pakuwedzera kwemvura

• Kurira kwechisikigo: Kukwira kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nemheni kunogona kugadzira magetsi e100,000 amperes panguva imwe chete.

• Matambudziko akavanzika mugrid yemagetsi: Kuwanda kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nekutanga nekumira kwemidziyo mikuru kunowanzoitika munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri.

• Kuzvikuvadza kwesystem: Kuwanda kwemagetsi anokonzerwa nekuchinja kwema capacitor nema inductors.

Ⅱ. Kufumura Maitiro e "Stress Response" eSPD

Ongororo yakaitwa nePower Laboratory yeTechnical University yeMunich inoratidza kuti nekushandisa hurongwa hwekudzivirira hune nhanho nhatu hunosanganisira Type1, Type2, uye Type3, mukana wekukuvadzwa kwemidziyo unogona kuderedzwa ne98%. Chimiro ichi che "multi-layered defense" chakafanana nekuvaka mafirewall matatu emagetsi.

2.1 Kuenzanisa kwenheyo dzekushanda kwezvikamu zvepakati

2.2 Nzira isinganyanyo zivikanwa yekudzivirira vanhu

Ongororo yakaitwa nePower Laboratory yeTechnical University yeMunich inoratidza kuti nekushandisa hurongwa hwekudzivirira hune nhanho nhatu hunosanganisira Type1, Type2, uye Type3, mukana wekukuvadzwa kwemidziyo unogona kuderedzwa ne98%. Chimiro ichi che "multi-layered defense" chakafanana nekuvaka mafirewall matatu emagetsi.

Ⅲ. Musungo wekusarudza: 90% yevashandisi havateereri pfungwa huru

Chipatara muSingapore chakasarudza modhi yeSPD isiriyo, izvo zvakakonzera kukuvara kuri kuramba kuchiitika kwemidziyo yeMRI inokosha makumi emamiriyoni panguva yemvura ine dutu. Chidzidzo ichi chinorwadza chinoratidza kukosha kwekusarudza modhi.

3.1 Zvikanganiso Zvina Zvikuru Zvekusarudza Zvinouraya

- Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 1: Kungotarisa pamutengo chete uchiregeredza kukosha kwe "Up" (Imwe fekitori yakavharwa nekuda kwekuchengetedza mari inosvika $300, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwekugadzirwa kwe $230,000)

- Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 2: Kuregeredza simba rekupisa kwezvakatipoteredza (SPD muchirongwa kuMiddle East yakakundikana nguva isati yakwana nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya)

- Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 3: Kuvhiringidza maparamita eIn neImax (zvichikonzera nzvimbo isina dziviriro)

- Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 4: Masisitimu epasi asingaenderane (zvichikonzera kuti chiitiko chekuti "mudziviriri anowedzera kuipa kana dziviriro yakawanda")

3.2 Fomura yekusarudza inokurudzirwa nenyanzvi

Muenzaniso weSPD unoshanda = (Mudziyo unodzivirira voltage kukosha × 0.7)

Ⅳ. Kudzidzira Kuisa: Basa Rinonakidza Rehunyanzvi

Sekureva kwebhuku reTokyo Electric Power Company, kutevedzana kwewaya kusina kunaka kunogona kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kweSPD ne70%. Inotevera inzira yagara ichishandiswa kwemakore makumi maviri.

4.1 Nzira yeGoridhe yekuisa nhanho nhanhatu

• Kusimbiswa kwekukundikana kwemagetsi: Shandisa nzira yekusimbisa vanhu vaviri (mumwe munhu anoshanda uye mumwe achiongorora)

• Kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo: Hapana kupfuura mamita 0.5 kubva panzvimbo yekumisa pasi (kana daro rikadarika iri, dhayamita yewaya inofanira kuwedzerwa)

• Kurongeka kwezvikamu: Shandisa coding yemavara uye multimeter kuti usimbise kaviri

• Maitiro ekubatanidza: Shandisa pliers ye hydraulic pakubatanidza, uye dzivisa kumonereka kuri nyore

• Kugadzirisa pasi: Kukuya pamusoro pechinhu chinobata simbi kusvika simbi yaonekwa

• Kuedza kwekushanda: Shandisa muyedzo weSPD wakatsaurirwa

4.2 Kuongororwa Kwezviitiko Zvakajairika Zvekukanganisa

- Nyaya 1: Nzvimbo yedata yakatadza kuita equipotential connection, zvikaita kuti SPD isashande.

- Nyaya yechipiri: Pakaiswa pamwe chete, daro rekupatsanurana harina kufungwa nezvaro, zvichikonzera nzvimbo yekudzivirira isina kujeka.

- Nyaya 3: Kushandisa waya dzepasi dzearuminiyamu kwakaita kuti pave nengura uye kupfupika kwemagetsi.

Ⅴ. Mashoko aya anotsanangura hupenyu nerufu rweSPD

5.1 Zvinhu zvitanhatu zvekudzivisa kana uri munzvimbo yekuisa

- Usaise mukati memita imwe kubva panzvimbo inodedera.

- Usaise pamwe chete nemagasi anoparadza.

- Usaise ine kona yakatsauka inopfuura 5° kubva payakamira.

- Usaise munzvimbo yakavharwa isina kupisa kwakanyanya.

- Usaise padyo ne30 cm kubva kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzira kupisa.

- Usaise munzvimbo ine guruva isina chifukidziro chekudzivirira.

5.2 Kugadzirisa Nguva Yemashoko Epachivande

- Nzvimbo dzegungwa: Tarisa kamwe chete mukota yega yega

- Nzvimbo dzine mabhanan'ana anowanzo itika: Tarisa nekukurumidza mushure memabhanan'ana ega ega

- Nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri: Ita ongororo dzinoonekwa mwedzi wega wega

- Nzvimbo dzekutengeserana dzakajairika: Ita ongororo dzehunyanzvi gore rega rega

Mhedziso

Sezvakataurwa naDr. Smith, nyanzvi yeInternational Electrotechnical Commission, kuti: "Chirongwa chekuisa SPD chakakodzera chinofanira kunge chiri musanganiswa wakakwana wemidziyo, ruzivo neruzivo." Munyaya yekuchengetedzeka kwemagetsi, zvinhu zvakakosha muhupenyu. Kusarudza chidziviriro chemagetsi chakakodzera uye kuchiisa nemazvo hakusi kungodzivirira michina chete, asiwo kuremekedza hupenyu.