Nhanganyaya

Munyika yanhasi inotungamirwa netekinoroji, michina yemagetsi neyemagetsi iri panjodzi huru yekukuvadzwa nemagetsi anokonzerwa nekurova kwemheni, kushanduka kwegrid, kana mashandiro ekuchinja kwemukati. Zvidziviriro zvemafungu, zvinozivikanwawo semidziyo yekudzivirira mafungu (SPDs), zvinoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira michina inobatwa nemagetsi kubva pakukwira kwemagetsi. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora mashandisirwo anoshanda ezvidziviriro zvemafungu muindasitiri dzakasiyana uye chinoratidza kushanda kwazvo kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvezviitiko.

1. Zvikumbiro zvekugara

(I) Kudzivirirwa kweMidziyo Yemumba

Nhasi uno, mhuri dzemazuva ano hadzigone kurarama dzisina zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita semaTV, makomputa, mafiriji, uye masisitimu edzimba dzakangwara. Kana zvishandiso izvi zvikangoerekana zvasangana nemagetsi, zvinogona kukuvara, izvo zvisingangokanganisi hupenyu hwezuva nezuva chete, asiwo zvinogona kuunza mari inodhura yekugadzirisa kana kutsiva.

Semuenzaniso, tora imba iri pedyo neguta muFlorida, USA. Pane imwe nguva, mheni yakaitika pedyo, zvikakonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwemagetsi, uye midziyo yemagetsi yemhuri zhinji yaiva pedyo yakakuvara, yakadai seTV, marouter, uye masisitimu eHVAC. Zvisinei, imwe mhuri yakaisa chidziviriro chemagetsi cheimba yese pabhodhi guru rekuparadzira zvinhu pachine nguva, uye haina kukuvara, nepo vamwe vavakidzani vakarasikirwa zvikuru.

(II) Sisitimu yekugadzira simba rezuva

Nekushandiswa kwakawanda kwema solar panels, kukosha kwekudzivirira ma surge kwave kuchiwedzera kuzivikanwa. Sisitimu yekuchengetedza simba remagetsi inogadzirwa nemagetsi ezuva inoshanduka kuita chando uye inogona kukanganiswa nema surge.

MuGermany, muridzi wemba akaisa chinodzivirira simba remagetsi (surge protector) chechipiri pamagetsi anoshandiswa ne solar inverter. Gare gare, transformer iri pedyo yakakundikana, zvikaita kuti grid ishanduke. Nekuda kwechinodzivirira simba remagetsi (surge protector), simba remagetsi rakawandisa rakatsauswa uye inverter yakadzivirirwa kuti isakuvara, izvo zvingadai zvakadhura mari inodarika 2,000 euros kuitsiva.

2. Mashandisirwo Ekutengeserana Nemaindasitiri

(I) Nzvimbo dzeData

Nzvimbo dzedata dzine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvemagetsi uye dzinofanira kuona kuti magetsi haachinji kuti maseva arambe achishanda zvakanaka. Kunyangwe kuwedzera kudiki kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nedata kana kukuvara kwemaseva, izvo zvinozokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi.

Google Data Center muSingapore muenzaniso wakanaka. Nzvimbo iyi inoshandisa sisitimu yekudzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi ine mazinga akawanda, ine chidziviriro chekudzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi chemazinga 1 (lightning arrester) chakaiswa pamusuwo uye chidziviriro chekudzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi chemazinga 3 (end-use) chakaiswa pedyo neseva. Pane imwe nguva, nzvimbo iyi yakarohwa zvakananga nemheni, asi chidziviriro chekudzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi chakabudirira kubvisa kukwira kwemagetsi uye kudzivirira nguva yekushanda kwemagetsi iyo yaigona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwemari nemamiriyoni emadhora.

(II) Mafekitori Ekugadzira

Mumafekitori ekugadzira, michina yakaita semichina yeindasitiri, ma programmable logic controllers (PLCs) uye maCNC machine tools anonyanya kunzwa kushanduka kwemagetsi. Kana magetsi asina kunaka, michina iyi inogona kusashanda zvakanaka.

Imwe fekitori yekugadzira mota yeToyota muJapan inonyatsoziva izvi. Vakaisa michina yavo yekuwedera marobhoti nemidziyo yekudzivirira kuvhunduka. Pane imwe nguva, kwakamboitika mheni pedyo nefekitori, asi chinodzivirira kuvhunduka chakadzivirira maoko erobhoti gumi nemashanu kubva mukukuvadzwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvakachengetedza mari ingangoita $500,000 yekugadzirisa.

(III) Nzvimbo dzehutano

Zvivako zvehutano zvakaita sezvipatara zvinoshandisa michina yakasiyana-siyana yakakosha, yakaita semagineti resonance imaging (MRI), maventilator, uye masisitimu ekutarisa. Kana michina iyi yakuvara, haingokonzere kurasikirwa kwehupfumi chete, asiwo inokanganisa kurapwa nekutarisirwa kwevarwere.

Pachipatara chiri muSydney, Australia, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kuvhiyiwa kwemurwere zvinoiswa pamidziyo yese iri muchikamu chevarwere vanorwara zvakanyanya (ICU). Kana dutu remagetsi raitika munzvimbo iyi, chinhu chinodzivirira kuvhiyiwa kwemurwere chakabudirira kudzivirira kukuvara kwemidziyo yakakosha uye chakaita kuti varwere vagone kutarisirwa pasina kukanganiswa.

3Kutaurirana nenhare nezvivakwa

(I) Zviteshi zvepasi zvinofamba

Mashongwe ekutaurirana anonyanya kunangwa nemheni nekuda kwezvivakwa zvawo zvakareba. Kana angobatwa, masevhisi enetwork anogona kukanganiswa, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kukuru kune vashandisi.

Mumwe mushandi wezvekukurukurirana muSeoul, South Korea, akatora matanho anoshanda. Vakaisa rudzi rwemudziviriri wesimba remagetsi panhare dzavo dze5G. Munguva yemwaka wemvura, nhare idzi dzakarohwa nemheni kakawanda, asi nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo yemagetsi, pakanga pasina nguva yekushanda, nepo nzvimbo idzodzo dzisina michina yemagetsi yaida kugadziriswa nguva nenguva.

(II) Sisitimu Yekudzora Kufamba Kwemotokari

Kushanda kwakajairika kweIntelligent Transportation System (ITS) hakuparadzaniswi nemagetsi akagadzikana, izvo zvinoda kushanda kusingadzoreki kwemidziyo yakaita semasaini ekudzora uye makamera ekutarisa.

Muchirongwa cheguta rekuchenjera reDubai, sisitimu yekugadzirisa traffic ine chinodzivirira masaini emagetsi chemuchina wekutonga masaini. Pane imwe nguva, substation iri pedyo yakakundikana, zvikakonzera kukwira kwemagetsi. Asi chinodzivirira masaini chakabudirira kuderedza dambudziko iri ndokudzivirira nyonganyonga yemotokari ingadai yakakonzerwa nekukundikana kwemasaini.

4Simba Rinodzokororwa

(I) Maturbine emhepo

Mapurazi emhepo anowanikwa munzvimbo dzakashama uye anogona kutyisidzirwa nekurohwa nemheni. Kana sisitimu yekudzora turbine ikakuvara, hazvizongokonzere kudzima kwemidziyo chete, asi zvinogonawo kuunza kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi.

Imwe purazi remhepo riri kuNorth Sea yeUnited Kingdom inonyanya kukosha pakudzivirira mafungu emhepo. Vakaisa zvidziviriro zvemafungu emhepo zvehurongwa hwekudzora mafungu emhepo. Pane imwe nguva, purazi remhepo rakarohwa zvakananga nemheni, asi chidziviriro chemafungu chakabudirira kudzivirira kukuvara kwehurongwa hweSCADA uye chakadzivirira kurasikirwa nenguva yekushanda kwemhepo kwaigona kusvika pamamiriyoni £1.

(II) Nzvimbo dzekuchaja mota dzemagetsi (EV)

Kushanda kwakajairika kwenzvimbo dzekuchaja mota dzemagetsi kunodawo dziviriro yakasimba yekudzivirira kukwira kwemotokari kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika.

Semuenzaniso, Tesla Supercharger Network iri muCalifornia. Tesla yakashandisa matanho ekudzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi panzvimbo dzayo dzeSupercharger. Kana paine kusagadzikana kwegrid, mudziyo wekudzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi wakabudirira kudzivirira kukuvara kwechikamu chekuchaja, zvichiita kuti vashandisi vemotokari dzemagetsi varambe vachishandira.

5. Zvikumbiro zvekurima

(I) Masisitimu Ekudiridza

Masisitimu mazhinji ekudiridza ekurima emazuva ano anoshandisa ma "electronic controllers" kuti ashande otomatiki. Kana ma "controllers" aya angoerekana akanganiswa ne "surge" yemagetsi, anogona kukonzera kuti "irrigation system" isashande zvakanaka, izvo zvinozokanganisa kukura kwezvirimwa.

Nzvimbo yekurima muNetherlands yakagadzirwa pachine nguva. Vakaisa ma "surge protectors" e "otomatiki irrigation systems". Kana transformer iri pedyo ikatadza kushanda uye ikakonzera kukwira kwesimba remagetsi, "surge protector" iyi yakabudirira kudzivirira control unit uye kudzivirira kutadza kudiridza zvirimwa.

Mhedziso

Zvidziviriro zvema "surge" zvine basa guru muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzine njodzi huru. Zvingave zviri zvishandiso zvemumba, michina yemaindasitiri, kana masisitimu ekutaurirana uye esimba rinodzokororwa, zvinodzivirira ma "surge" zvinobudirira kudzivirira kukuvara kukuru uye kurasikirwa kwehupfumi. Chinyorwa chino chinoratidza zvizere basa guru rinoitwa nevanochengetedza ma "surge" mukuona kuti mashandiro avo anoramba achienderera mberi mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana kuburikidza neongororo dzakasiyana-siyana.

Nhasi uno, nyika yedu iri kuramba ichiwedzera kuwana magetsi, uye kuisa mari muzvidziviriro zvemhando yepamusoro hazvichisiri nzira yekungodzivirira chete, asi sarudzo inokosha.